What are some factors that affect the solubility of ionic substances?
http://www.citycollegiate.com/chapter3d.htm
http://www.chem.lsu.edu/lucid/tutorials/solubility/Solubility.html
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The solubility of ionic substances is influenced by several factors. These include:
1. Nature of the ions: The size, charge, and structure of the ions play a significant role in determining solubility. Generally, smaller ions with higher charges tend to be more soluble because they have a greater attraction to the solvent molecules.
2. Polarity of the solvent: Ionic substances are more likely to dissolve in polar solvents, as they can interact with the charged ions. Nonpolar solvents, on the other hand, have weaker interactions with ions and are less likely to dissolve ionic compounds.
3. Temperature: In general, solubility increases with temperature for most salts. As temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the solvent increases, allowing for greater interaction with the solute particles and more dissolution. However, there are exceptions where some salts become less soluble at higher temperatures.
4. Pressure: Unlike gases, pressure does not significantly affect the solubility of ionic substances in liquid solvents. However, the solubility of gases dissolved in ionic solutions can be influenced by pressure changes.
To determine the factors that affect the solubility of specific ionic substances, you would need to consider the nature of the ions involved, the polarity of the solvent, and factors such as temperature and pressure. Experimental data, solubility rules, and the use of solubility tables or charts can also be helpful in predicting solubility.