Utilizing the concept of the second law of thermodynamics, explain why an ice skater requires less energy expenditure to cover the same distance as a roller skater. ?
To understand why an ice skater requires less energy expenditure to cover the same distance as a roller skater, it's important to consider the second law of thermodynamics, which is related to the concept of efficiency.
The second law of thermodynamics states that in any energy conversion or transfer, the total amount of usable energy (also known as useful work) decreases, while the amount of unusable energy (also known as waste or entropy) increases. Essentially, it implies that energy tends to disperse and become less organized over time.
In the case of an ice skater and a roller skater, the main difference lies in the frictional forces acting upon them. Friction is the force that opposes motion when two surfaces are in contact, and it's directly related to energy expenditure. Ice provides much less friction compared to a solid surface such as asphalt or concrete, on which roller skaters usually skate.
On ice, an ice skater experiences significantly less frictional force, allowing them to glide more smoothly with minimal resistance. This means that the energy expenditure required to maintain motion and cover a distance is considerably lower for an ice skater. They can conserve their energy and achieve greater efficiency in their movement.
In contrast, a roller skater on a solid surface encounters higher friction, requiring more energy expenditure to overcome it and maintain motion. The additional energy expended goes towards overcoming the frictional forces acting against them, resulting in more energy waste and inefficiency.
So, the second law of thermodynamics, in relation to the principle of energy dispersion and the differing friction forces, explains why an ice skater requires less energy to cover the same distance as a roller skater.