I haven't taken precalc in years and have forgotten how to reverse natural log. If ln(A)=18.288, what is the value of A?

Punch in 18.288 into the calculator and hit the ex button. It should return 87,574,463.4254

Thanks for refreshing my memory Dr. Bob. I have one more question. How do you determine an outlier from a group of measurements? Is there a specific range that a measurement must be out of to be considered an outlier?

You follow the rules for statistics. Common tests are the t-test, the F test, etc. The t-test may be the most commonly used test.

To reverse the natural logarithm (ln), you can use the exponential function. The exponential function is defined as e raised to the power of a given number.

To find the value of A, we can use the equation:

A = e^ln(A)

In this case, ln(A) is given as 18.288. Now, we can substitute this value into our equation:

A = e^18.288

To evaluate this expression, we need to know the value of e, which is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828.

Using a calculator, we can calculate the value of A by raising e to the power of 18.288. The result will be the value of A.