How did India experience that arrival of the British, in light of the past?
How did India experience the British domination?
How did India emerged out of British domination in the 20th century as an independent nation?
Read this article carefully.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_India
need help with the first question.
i read the article and it was still confusing to me.
Yes, there are many world and phrases that I have never heard of.
To understand how India experienced the arrival of the British, their domination, and eventually emerged as an independent nation, we need to delve into its history.
1. Arrival of the British:
The British arrived in India in the early 17th century. Before their arrival, India had a rich and diverse history, with various dynasties and empires ruling over different regions. During the period of the Mughal Empire, India was a prosperous and relatively unified nation. However, by the time the British arrived, the Mughal Empire was in decline, which allowed the British East India Company to establish its foothold.
India's experience of British domination can be divided into two broad phases:
2. British Domination:
a. The East India Company (17th-19th century):
Initially, the British presence in India was primarily focused on trade, but over time, they expanded their influence and control through strategic alliances, military conquests, and the imposition of favorable economic policies. The British gradually extended their control over large parts of India by defeating various Indian kings and rulers.
b. Direct Rule (19th-20th century):
In the aftermath of the 1857 Indian Rebellion against the British, the British government abolished the East India Company and assumed direct control over India. This period, known as British Raj, witnessed a more centralized and bureaucratic administration. The British introduced various policies that reshaped India economically, socially, politically, and culturally. However, these policies often favored the British interests and led to widespread discontent among Indians.
3. Emergence as an Independent Nation:
The struggle for India's independence gained momentum in the 20th century, driven by various factors, including increased political consciousness, nationalism, and resistance against British rule.
a. Indian National Congress and Independence Movement:
The Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885, played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement. Led by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose, the INC advocated for nonviolent resistance, civil disobedience, and constitutional reforms to achieve independence.
b. Civil Disobedience and Nonviolent Movements:
Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, India witnessed large-scale civil disobedience movements like the Salt March and Quit India Movement. These movements showcased the power of nonviolent protests and exerted significant pressure on the British rulers.
c. Post-WWII Shifts and Mountbatten Plan:
After World War II, the British were economically weakened and faced intense demands for independence from India. The Mountbatten Plan proposed the partition of India into two separate nations, India (predominantly Hindu) and Pakistan (predominantly Muslim), resulting in violent communal tensions.
d. Independence and Constitution:
On August 15, 1947, India gained its independence, and this transition was marked by the adoption of a new constitution in 1950, which established India as a sovereign, democratic, and secular republic.
In summary, India's experience with the arrival and domination of the British was complex and multifaceted. From being a prosperous nation under Mughal rule to enduring British control and exploitation, India's journey to independence was marked by various movements, leaders, and historical events that shaped its path towards becoming an independent nation in the 20th century.