What is hybridization and wahta are the different hybridizations for each molecular geometry?
Here is a good site for information; skip down to the hybridization part althoughth remainder is good reading, also.
what site?
Hybridization refers to the mixing of atomic orbitals to form a new set of hybrid orbitals that are involved in the bonding of atoms in a molecule. It helps explain the molecular geometry and the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
There are several types of hybridizations, each corresponding to a specific molecular geometry:
1. Linear geometry: The central atom has two regions of electron density and undergoes sp hybridization. This means that one s orbital and one p orbital hybridize to form two sp hybrid orbitals.
2. Trigonal planar geometry: The central atom has three regions of electron density and undergoes sp2 hybridization. This means that one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridize to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals.
3. Tetrahedral geometry: The central atom has four regions of electron density and undergoes sp3 hybridization. This means that one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridize to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals.
4. Trigonal bipyramidal geometry: The central atom has five regions of electron density and undergoes sp3d hybridization. This means that one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital hybridize to form five sp3d hybrid orbitals.
5. Octahedral geometry: The central atom has six regions of electron density and undergoes sp3d2 hybridization. This means that one s orbital, three p orbitals, and two d orbitals hybridize to form six sp3d2 hybrid orbitals.
These hybrid orbitals then form bonds with other atoms or hybrid orbitals to give rise to specific molecular geometries. It is important to note that the concept of hybridization is a simplified model to explain bonding and cannot account for all molecular properties.