All of the following are true EXCEPT;
A. the n=4 energy level has no f orbitals
B. the 2p orbitals can have a maximum if 6 electrons
C. the s orbital has a spherical shape
D. there are 5 orbitals in a set
E. the n=3 energy level has a set of d orbitals.
Not 100% sure, but I say it's D. I think there are only 4 orbitals: s(2), p(6), d(10), f(18).
A, B, C, and E are true. So Jake is 100% sure now.
To determine which statement is false, we need to review the properties of atomic orbitals.
A. The n=4 energy level has no f orbitals: To verify this statement, we can examine the electron configuration of different elements. The f orbitals are found in the 4th and higher energy levels. For example, in the electron configuration of element Gadolinium (Gd) - [Xe] 6s2 4f7 5d1, we see that there are indeed f orbitals in the n=4 energy level. Therefore, statement A is false.
B. The 2p orbitals can have a maximum of 6 electrons: The p orbitals are denoted as px, py, and pz. Each p orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Since there are three p orbitals, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated is 3 x 2 = 6. Therefore, statement B is true.
C. The s orbital has a spherical shape: The s orbital is a spherical shape that is symmetrical with respect to the nucleus. Therefore, statement C is true.
D. There are 5 orbitals in a set: To determine the number of orbitals in a set, we consider the orbital type and the possible values for the quantum number l. For example, the s orbitals have l=0, the p orbitals have l=1, the d orbitals have l=2, and the f orbitals have l=3. The total number of orbitals in a set can be calculated using the formula 2l + 1.
For l=0 (s orbitals), 2l + 1 = 2x0 + 1 = 1 orbital.
For l=1 (p orbitals), 2l + 1 = 2x1 + 1 = 3 orbitals.
For l=2 (d orbitals), 2l + 1 = 2x2 + 1 = 5 orbitals.
For l=3 (f orbitals), 2l + 1 = 2x3 + 1 = 7 orbitals.
Therefore, statement D is false. There are 5 orbitals in a set only when referring to d orbitals.
E. The n=3 energy level has a set of d orbitals: To verify this statement, we can examine the electron configuration of different elements. The d orbitals are found in the 3rd and higher energy levels. For example, in the electron configuration of element Scandium (Sc) - [Ar] 3d1 4s2, we see that there are indeed d orbitals present in the n=3 energy level. Therefore, statement E is true.
In conclusion, the statement that is false is: D. There are 5 orbitals in a set.