So, I'm supposed to answer the question:
Europe during the Middle Ages in often imagined as an isolated and inward looking time in history. Defend or refute this statement.
I don't know which way I should answer it, as defending it or refuting it. I mean, on one hand, the Early Middle Ages was the black death and feudalism, but then towards the late middle ages the foundations of a modern state were starting to form. Help?
These sites may help you decide.
http://www.mrdowling.com/703middleages.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Ages
Certainly! I can help you approach this question. To defend or refute the statement, you'll need to consider both perspectives and gather information that supports each stance. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you make your decision and structure your argument:
1. Understanding the statement: First, it's essential to clarify the statement and identify key terms. In this case, the statement suggests that Europe during the Middle Ages is often perceived as isolated and inward-looking.
2. Research and gather information: Begin by researching primary and secondary sources to understand both the isolated and inward-looking aspects, as well as evidence that contradicts this perception. Look for information about trade, cultural exchanges, diplomacy, external influences, and the broader historical context.
3. Consider the Early Middle Ages: Start by examining the early period of the Middle Ages. Note down evidence supporting the notion of isolation and inwardness, such as the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the formation of feudalism, and the impact of the Black Death. Consider how these factors may have contributed to a more inward focus.
4. Explore the Late Middle Ages: Next, explore the late period of the Middle Ages. Look for evidence of developments that counter the idea of isolation and inwardness. For example, analyze the growth of cities, the Crusades, the Renaissance, the Hanseatic League, and the rise of powerful European states like England, France, and Spain. These developments indicate growing engagement with the outside world.
5. Assess cultural exchanges and external influences: Examine the cultural and intellectual exchanges during the Middle Ages. Investigate contributions made by Islamic, Byzantine, and Eastern cultures, the translation movement, and the influence of scholars like Thomas Aquinas or Avicenna. Determine whether these exchanges challenge the perception of Europe being isolated.
6. Evaluate trade and economic activity: Analyze the trade routes and economic activities during the Middle Ages. Consider the extensive trade networks, such as the Silk Road and the Hanseatic League, which facilitated contact with the East and other parts of Europe. Assess whether economic ties support or challenge the idea of isolation.
7. Structure your argument: Once you have gathered enough information, decide whether you will defend or refute the statement. Present your argument by organizing your evidence and reasoning logically. Remember to use specific examples and counterexamples to support your position.
8. Conclusion: Summarize your main points and reach a clear conclusion that is backed by the evidence you have provided.
Remember, it is essential to present a balanced argument by acknowledging both sides of the debate. By carefully researching and evaluating the evidence, you can come to a well-supported conclusion that defends or refutes the statement effectively.