why would it not be useful to just use pure ethanil or pure ethylene glycol as aN ANTIFREEZE SINCE THEIR NORMAL FREEZING POINTS are -114.1 degrees celsius and -12 degrees celsius respectively

Using pure ethanol or pure ethylene glycol as an antifreeze may not be as effective as using a mixture, for several reasons:

1. Concentration: The freezing point of a liquid depends on its concentration. Pure ethanol or pure ethylene glycol has a lower freezing point than a mixture, but it will still freeze at a certain temperature. This means that using them alone might not provide adequate protection in extremely cold temperatures.

2. Thermal conductivity: Antifreeze not only prevents freezing but also helps in transferring heat away from the engine. Pure ethylene glycol has good heat transfer properties, but pure ethanol has lower thermal conductivity. A mixture of these substances with other additives can enhance the overall heat transfer capability of the antifreeze.

3. Corrosion protection: Antifreeze also contains corrosion inhibitors to protect the metals in the cooling system. Pure ethanol and ethylene glycol do not have these additives, so using them alone might not provide adequate protection against rust and corrosion.

4. Boiling point: In addition to freezing, antifreeze needs to prevent boiling in extreme temperatures. Pure ethanol and ethylene glycol have relatively low boiling points, which means they may boil off under high-temperature conditions, leading to a loss of coolant and potentially causing engine damage.

To address these issues, antifreeze is typically a mixture of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, water, and various additives. The specific mixture is designed to provide optimal protection against freezing, boiling, and corrosion, as well as to enhance heat transfer properties. The mixture's composition depends on the climate and the manufacturer's recommendations.