For each of the following, write the electron configuration and Lewis symbol:
A. In
B. In-
C. K+
D. I-
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To determine the electron configuration and Lewis symbol for each of the given elements or ions, we need to understand the basic principles of how electrons are distributed in an atom.
A. In (Indium):
Indium (In) has an atomic number of 49, indicating that it has 49 electrons. The electron configuration for indium can be determined by following the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons occupy atomic orbitals from the lowest energy level to the highest.
The electron configuration of indium (In) is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p¹.
The Lewis symbol for indium (In) is represented by the symbol "In" in the center, surrounded by dots representing the valence electrons. In this case, indium has three valence electrons, so the Lewis symbol for indium would be "In:⚫⚫⚫."
B. In- (Indium Ion):
When indium (In) gains an electron, it forms a negatively charged ion, referred to as indide (In-). Since indide has an extra electron, the electron configuration changes.
The electron configuration of In- is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p².
The Lewis symbol for In- is represented by "In" in the center with an extra dot on one side to represent the additional electron gained. So, the Lewis symbol for In- would be "In•:⚫⚫⚫."
C. K+ (Potassium Ion):
Potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19 and normally has 19 electrons. However, when it loses one electron, it forms a positively charged ion called potassium ion (K+). The electron configuration changes because it has one fewer electron.
The electron configuration of K+ is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶.
Since potassium loses one electron to become K+, the Lewis symbol for K+ would be a symbol "K" in the center with no dots surrounding it.
D. I- (Iodide Ion):
Iodide (I-) is the negatively charged ion formed when iodine (I) gains one electron. The electron configuration of iodine changes because it now has one additional electron.
The electron configuration of I- is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶.
The Lewis symbol for I- is represented by the symbol "I" in the center, with an extra dot on one side to represent the additional electron gained. So, the Lewis symbol for I- would be "I•:⚫⚫⚫⚫."