Complate the following chart. The first column shows the name of a research method used in psychology.In the second column, write a brief description of that research method. In the column, provide a situation when this method could be applied. Scientific method, Case study method, Survey method, Naturalistic observation method, Correlation method, Experimental method.
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To complete the chart, we need to provide descriptions and situations for each research method.
1. Scientific Method:
Description: The scientific method is a systematic approach used to investigate and understand phenomena in a scientific manner. It involves the formulation of a hypothesis, designing and conducting experiments or studies, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions based on evidence.
Situation: The scientific method can be applied to study any psychological phenomenon, such as analyzing the effects of sleep deprivation on memory retention in college students.
2. Case Study Method:
Description: The case study method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual, group, or a specific situation. It aims to gather detailed and qualitative data through various sources like interviews, observations, and documents.
Situation: The case study method can be applied when researching rare psychological disorders, examining the impact of trauma on the development of a child, or exploring the experiences of individuals with exceptional abilities.
3. Survey Method:
Description: The survey method involves collecting data from a large number of participants through standardized questionnaires or structured interviews. It aims to gather information on people's opinions, attitudes, behaviors, or characteristics.
Situation: The survey method can be used to study public opinion on a political issue, measure levels of job satisfaction in a company, or assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction among teenagers.
4. Naturalistic Observation Method:
Description: The naturalistic observation method involves observing and recording behavior in its natural setting without any interference or manipulation from the researcher. It seeks to provide a detailed understanding of behavior in its natural context.
Situation: The naturalistic observation method can be applied to study parent-child interactions in a playground, observe the social dynamics in a school cafeteria, or analyze the behavior of shoppers in a supermarket.
5. Correlation Method:
Description: The correlation method aims to determine whether there is a relationship between two or more variables. It assesses the strength and direction of the relationship, but it does not establish causation.
Situation: The correlation method can be used to explore the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance, examine the association between stress levels and physical health, or investigate the link between income and happiness.
6. Experimental Method:
Description: The experimental method involves manipulating one or more variables in a controlled setting to observe the effects on another variable. It allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships by controlling all other factors.
Situation: The experimental method can be applied to test the effectiveness of a new teaching method on student learning outcomes, examine the impact of a specific therapy on reducing symptoms of anxiety, or investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on reaction time.