The total population of animals is directly proportional to the size of the habitat (in acres) polled.

Write an equation using only one variable that could be used to solve for the constant of variation k.

My answer:

P=population
a=acres

P=k(a)

Is this right?

Yes, but ka or k*a is better way to write it. You don't need parentheses, and they might be confused with function notation.