how do you purify Biphenyl contaminated with Fluorene? what is the method and solvent?
I have never separated these two compounds but the following information may be useful to you. The Merck Index gives diphenyl soluble in alcohol and ether. The Merck Index lists fluorene as freely soluble in glacial acetic acid, soluble in carbon disulfide, ether, benzene, and hot alcohol. Also, The Merck Index lists fluorene as being easily sublimed at high vacuum. With a litle lab work this may provide enough data to forge a procedure; e.g., if diphenyl is not soluble in glacial acetic acid, this would be a perfect way to dissolve all of the fluorene with losing any diphenyl. I hope this helps. (I looked on the web but didn't find anything useful. That doesn't mean it isn't there.)
To purify Biphenyl contaminated with Fluorene, one commonly used method is recrystallization. Here is a step-by-step procedure:
1. Select a suitable solvent: In this case, a good solvent choice for recrystallization of Biphenyl contaminated with Fluorene is hexane. Hexane is a nonpolar solvent that has a low boiling point and can dissolve Biphenyl and Fluorene.
2. Dissolve the mixture: Take the contaminated Biphenyl and Fluorene mixture and dissolve it in a minimal volume of hot hexane. Heat the mixture carefully until all the solids dissolve. If necessary, you can use a stirring rod to aid the dissolution.
3. Filtration: Once the solids have dissolved completely, remove the heat source and let the mixture cool down. As it cools, crystals should start forming. To remove any remaining impurities, proceed by gravity filtration or vacuum filtration. Be sure to preheat your filtration apparatus and use a filter paper appropriate for the volume.
4. Recrystallization: Transfer the filtrate, which contains dissolved Biphenyl and Fluorene, to a clean container. Slowly cool the solution by placing it in an ice bath or a refrigerator. This slow cooling process helps promote crystal formation. Eventually, you will observe crystals forming within the solution.
5. Isolation of crystals: Once crystallization is complete, collect the crystals by either gravity filtration or vacuum filtration. Ensure you wash the collected crystals with a small volume of cold hexane to remove any impurities adhering to the crystals.
6. Drying: After obtaining the crystals, air-dry them on a watch glass or filter paper. Ensure the crystals are completely dry before handling or weighing them.
By following these steps, you should be able to purify Biphenyl contaminated with Fluorene using recrystallization with hexane as the solvent.
To purify Biphenyl contaminated with Fluorene, you can use a technique called recrystallization. This method relies on the difference in solubility between the desired compound (Biphenyl) and the impurity (Fluorene) in a selected solvent. Here's a step-by-step procedure for this purification process:
1. Start by selecting an appropriate solvent. The ideal solvent is one in which the impurity (Fluorene) is more soluble than the desired compound (Biphenyl). In this case, a good solvent option is a mix of toluene and hexane.
2. Dissolve the mixture of Biphenyl contaminated with Fluorene in the chosen solvent at an elevated temperature. The exact temperature will depend on the particular compounds and solvents involved. For this step, you can heat the mixture on a hot plate or use a heating mantle.
3. Once the solution is heated, thoroughly mix it to ensure complete dissolution of the compounds. This helps to maximize contact between the Biphenyl and Fluorene with the solvent.
4. Allow the solution to cool slowly to room temperature or further depending on the solubility characteristics. During cooling, Biphenyl will start to crystallize out while Fluorene remains dissolved.
5. Once cooled, collect the crystals of Biphenyl by filtration. This can be done using a Buchner funnel or a simple filter setup. Make sure to wash the crystals with a small volume of cold solvent to remove any remaining impurities.
6. Finally, dry the purified Biphenyl crystals under reduced pressure or in a desiccator to remove any residual solvent. This will yield the purified compound.
It's important to note that the specific details of the process, such as the temperature and solvent ratio, may need to be optimized based on the specific properties of the compounds and the available solvents. Additionally, the use of appropriate safety precautions during the handling of chemicals is highly recommended.