How would you set up a system of linear equations to find out how many packages of 8 and 12 you would have to buy to have no left?

8,16,24,32,40,48... =mult. of 8 or 8n, n=1,2,3

12,24,36,48,... = mult.. of12 or 12m m=1,2,3
8n=12m or 2n=3m Therefore when m=1 impossible let m=2 then n=3 hence 24 package is the minimum number. Continue on let m=4(always even because n=3/2m)n=6.
The system has only one equation and a domain set for m and n only.