the assumptions for using a chi-square test. Research articles provide practical examples from the research to support your assumptions. Include a citation of one article you used for your research

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To use a chi-square test, several assumptions need to be met. These assumptions are:

1. Random sample: The data must come from a random sample, where each observation is independent of the others. This means that no relationship exists between the observations.

2. Sample size: The sample size for each category or group must be reasonably large. A common guideline is to have at least five observed values expected in each category.

3. Independence of observations: Each observation or data point must be independent of other observations. This assumption ensures that one observation does not influence another.

4. Level of measurement: The data must be categorical, where each observation falls into distinct categories or groups. Chi-square tests are typically used for analyzing data with nominal or ordinal scales.

To find practical examples from research articles supporting these assumptions, you can search through academic databases such as PubMed, JSTOR, or Google Scholar. Let's find an example using one of these databases:

Article: "Association between Smoking Status and Obesity in a Nationally Representative Population: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" by Wang et al. (2019).

Citation:
Wang, J., An, P., Shao, C., & Wang, Z. (2019). Association between Smoking Status and Obesity in a Nationally Representative Population: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7720-x

In this study, the authors examined the association between smoking status and obesity in a nationally representative population. They collected data using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which is a widely used dataset for public health research. To analyze the relationship between smoking status (categorical variable) and obesity (categorical variable), the authors applied the chi-square test. They ensured that the assumptions for using the chi-square test were met, including random sampling, independence of observations, and appropriate sample size.

By reading this article, you can gain more insights into how the chi-square test was used, along with the relevant assumptions, which further supports the importance of these assumptions in chi-square analysis.