Chapter 1 & 2 Review Questions

1. Compare and Contrast the two main branches of physical science.

2. Distinguish between scientific laws and scientific theories.

3. Describe the steps of the scientific method.

4. Explain the objective of a consistent system of units, and identify the SI units for length, mass, and time.

5. Express each of the following quantities using an appropriate SI prefix before the proper units.
a. 0.004 g
b. 75,000 m

6. Write the following measurements in scientific notation:
a. 0.005 km
b. 65,900,000 m

7. Do the following calculations, and write your answers in scientific notation:
a. 37,000,000 A x 7,100,000 s
b. 0.000312 m3 ÷ 486 s

8. Round the following measurements to the number of significant figures shown in parentheses:
a. 7.376 m (2)
b. 48,794 km (3)

9. Explain why mass and weight are not the same. How would the units in which they are measured differ?

If we do your review for you (which we won't), then we'd be depriving you of the skills you need for passing this test.

Good luck!

Compare and contrast the two main branches of physical science

1. To compare and contrast the two main branches of physical science, you would need to gather information about both branches and then make observations and notes on their similarities and differences. The two main branches of physical science are physics and chemistry.

Physics is the branch of physical science that deals with the study of matter, energy, and the interactions between the two. It focuses on understanding the fundamental principles and laws that govern the natural world. Physics encompasses fields such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, optics, and quantum mechanics.

Chemistry, on the other hand, is the branch of physical science that deals with the study of the composition, properties, and behavior of matter. It focuses on the interactions between atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions. Chemistry covers areas such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

Some similarities between physics and chemistry include their reliance on the scientific method, which involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions. Both branches also use mathematical concepts and principles to explain phenomena and make predictions. Additionally, both physics and chemistry are foundational sciences that provide the basis for other scientific disciplines.

However, there are also notable differences between the two branches. Physics is more concerned with understanding the fundamental laws and principles of nature, while chemistry focuses on the composition and behavior of specific substances. Physics is often more theoretical and mathematical, while chemistry involves more hands-on experimental work in the laboratory. Although there is overlap between the two branches, each has its own unique set of concepts, theories, and methodologies.

2. To distinguish between scientific laws and scientific theories, you need to understand their definitions and characteristics, and then compare and contrast them.

Scientific laws are concise statements or mathematical equations that describe and predict natural phenomena. They are based on a large body of experimental evidence and have been repeatedly tested and verified. Scientific laws are considered to be fundamental principles that hold true under specific conditions and are widely accepted in the scientific community. Examples of scientific laws include Newton's laws of motion and the law of conservation of energy.

Scientific theories, on the other hand, are comprehensive explanations of natural phenomena that are supported by a vast amount of evidence. They go beyond simple descriptions and provide a framework for understanding and making predictions. Scientific theories are based on a combination of experimental observations, mathematical models, and logical reasoning. They are not fixed or absolute truths, but rather evolving explanations that are subject to revision as new evidence and observations emerge. Examples of scientific theories include the theory of evolution and the theory of relativity.

In summary, scientific laws are concise statements or equations that describe and predict phenomena, while scientific theories are comprehensive explanations supported by evidence. Laws are more focused and specific, while theories are broader and provide a framework for understanding phenomena. While laws describe what happens, theories explain why and how things happen.

To compare and contrast scientific laws and scientific theories, you would need to identify their key characteristics and differences, and provide examples to illustrate their use in scientific understanding.