For decades, America has been locked in hostile confrontation with the two great Communist powers, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. We were engaged with the one at many points and almost totally isolated from the other, but our relationships with both had reached a deadly impasse [standstill]. All three countries were victims of bondage about which George Washington long ago warned in these words: The nation which indulges toward another an habitual [constant] hatred is a slave to its own animosity [hatred].
45.
With which nation was the United States “engaged at many points”? From which was it “almost totally isolated”?
46.
Why is “an habitual hatred” of another nation such a bad thing, according to Washington and Nixon?
47.
According to the passage, what was the situation between the United States and China and the United States and the Soviet Union?
48.
Why did Washington and Nixon both believe that everyone was the loser in this situation?
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To answer these questions, let's break down the passage and analyze the information given:
45. With which nation was the United States "engaged at many points"? From which was it "almost totally isolated"?
In the passage, it states that America has been locked in a hostile confrontation with two communist powers - the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The United States was engaged with the Soviet Union at many points, indicating that they were involved in various confrontations or conflicts. On the other hand, the United States was almost totally isolated from the People's Republic of China, suggesting that there was minimal interaction or communication between the two countries.
46. Why is "an habitual hatred" of another nation such a bad thing, according to Washington and Nixon?
Washington and Nixon believed that harboring constant or habitual hatred towards another nation is a detrimental behavior. The passage quotes George Washington, who warned that a nation that indulges in constant hatred becomes a slave to its own animosity. This implies that maintaining a deep-seated hatred towards another country can consume a nation's attention, resources, and energy, preventing it from focusing on more productive endeavors and ultimately leading to its own downfall.
47. According to the passage, what was the situation between the United States and China and the United States and the Soviet Union?
The passage indicates that America has been engaged in a hostile confrontation with both the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, which are described as the two great communist powers. However, while the United States had various engagements or interactions with the Soviet Union, it was almost totally isolated from the People's Republic of China. This suggests that the relationship between the United States and China was characterized by a lack of communication, engagement, or cooperation.
48. Why did Washington and Nixon both believe that everyone was the loser in this situation?
Washington and Nixon believed that the situation between the United States and these communist powers, marked by hostility and animosity, was detrimental for all parties involved. The passage does not explicitly state their exact reasoning, but it can be inferred that both Washington and Nixon share the belief that cultivating constant hatred towards another nation is self-destructive. They likely recognized that such a mindset leads to a failure to engage in meaningful dialogue, cooperation, and diplomacy. Consequently, both sides suffer from missed opportunities for collaboration, peace-building, and the overall progress that can result from positive relationships between nations.