Suppose an unknown substance has a melting temperature of 1,200 degrees Celsius and a density of 16.7 g/cm3. However, the different individual atoms that make up the element have very different melting temperatures and densities. Which is the unknown substance most likely?
To determine the most likely substance, we can compare the given melting temperature and density with the known properties of various elements. By analyzing the available data, we can make an educated guess about the identity of the unknown substance.
To start, let's consider the melting temperature of 1,200 degrees Celsius. This is a relatively high temperature compared to commonly known elements. Most metals, for example, have lower melting temperatures. However, there are a few elements with higher melting temperatures, including tungsten (3,422 degrees Celsius) and carbon (3,550 degrees Celsius). These elements are unlikely candidates based on the given melting temperature.
Next, let's examine the density of 16.7 g/cm3. This is a fairly high density, which suggests that the unknown substance is likely a metal or a dense compound rather than a gas or a less dense material. Elements such as lead (11.3 g/cm3) and gold (19.3 g/cm3) have densities in the range mentioned, making them possible candidates.
Now, we need to consider both the melting temperature and the density together to narrow down the options. Comparing the available elements, gold seems to be the most likely substance since it has a high density and a melting temperature of 1,064 degrees Celsius. This makes it consistent with the given properties.
In conclusion, based on the melting temperature and density provided, the unknown substance is most likely gold. It's important to note that further analysis and experimentation would be necessary to conclusively determine the identity of the substance.