I need help with these definitions! Thanks!! Just some or all would be nice!!
Cyrus the Great
Zoroastrianism
Sparta & Athens
Peloponnesian War
Macedon
Philip of Macedon
Alexander the Great
Hellenism
Hellenistic culture
Carthage & Punic Wars
Julius Caesar
Augustus
Constantine
Polis
Pericles
Roman Senate & Consuls
12 Tables
Greek Pantheon of Gods
Socrates
Plato
Galen
Euclid
Ptolemy
Iliad & Odyssey/Homer
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian styles
A lot of these can't really be 'defined', but a very good website where you can find a general idea of what these things are is the Enyclopaedia Britannica website.
I hope this helps (:
The Encyclopedia Britannica charges for its complete articles.
Sra's suggestions are free.
It does charge for complete articles, but it does have a short brief which is free. For a very general idea of what you are looking for, the Encyclopedia Britannica is fine.
Sra's suggestions are very good, though.
Certainly! Here are the definitions for each term you provided:
1. Cyrus the Great: A Persian king who founded the Achaemenid Empire and is known for his tolerance towards conquered peoples and his respect for human rights.
2. Zoroastrianism: A monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster, which originated in ancient Persia and focuses on the concepts of good and evil, free will, and the ultimate triumph of good.
3. Sparta & Athens: Two city-states in ancient Greece with contrasting societal systems. Sparta highly prioritized military strength and discipline, while Athens emphasized democracy, philosophy, and the arts.
4. Peloponnesian War: A conflict between Athens and Sparta, lasting from 431-404 BCE, which ultimately resulted in the weakening of both city-states and the rise of Macedon.
5. Macedon: Ancient kingdom located in modern-day Greece, ruled by various kings including Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great.
6. Philip of Macedon: The king of Macedon from 359-336 BCE, who transformed Macedon into a powerful military state and laid the foundations for Alexander the Great's conquests.
7. Alexander the Great: King of Macedon and one of history's most renowned military leaders. He expanded the Macedonian Empire, conquering vast territories from Greece to Egypt, Persia, and India.
8. Hellenism: The spread of Greek culture, language, and influence throughout the Mediterranean and beyond following the conquests of Alexander the Great.
9. Hellenistic culture: A blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and other Eastern cultural elements that emerged during the Hellenistic period, which started after Alexander the Great's death.
10. Carthage & Punic Wars: Carthage was a wealthy Phoenician city-state located in modern-day Tunisia. The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) were a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage for control over the Western Mediterranean.
11. Julius Caesar: A Roman general, statesman, and dictator who played a crucial role in the downfall of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
12. Augustus: Also known as Octavian, he was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, ruling from 27 BCE to 14 CE. He brought stability to Rome after a period of civil war and initiated a period known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace).
13. Constantine: Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 CE, who is known for converting to Christianity and establishing the city of Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire.
14. Polis: An ancient Greek city-state, consisting of a city and its surrounding territory, which served as the fundamental political and social unit of ancient Greece.
15. Pericles: An influential Athenian statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens, known for his leadership and fostering of arts, architecture, and democracy.
16. Roman Senate & Consuls: The Roman Senate was a government body of elected representatives that advised the Roman consuls, who were the highest-ranking officials and served as the chief executives.
17. 12 Tables: The earliest known written collection of Roman laws, dating back to 451-450 BCE. They established the principles of justice and laid the foundation for Roman jurisprudence.
18. Greek Pantheon of Gods: The collection of gods and goddesses worshipped by ancient Greeks, including Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, and many others.
19. Socrates: A Greek philosopher of classical Athens, known for his Socratic method of questioning and his influence on Western philosophy.
20. Plato: A student of Socrates and one of the most significant philosophers in Western history. Plato founded the Academy in Athens and authored many dialogues exploring various philosophical topics.
21. Galen: A prominent physician and philosopher in the Roman Empire, known for his influential works on medicine, anatomy, and physiology.
22. Euclid: An ancient Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry," whose writings, particularly his Elements, laid the foundation for the study of geometry.
23. Ptolemy: A Greek astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived in Egypt during the 2nd century CE. His work on astronomy, especially his geocentric model of the universe, had a lasting impact on scientific thinking.
24. Iliad & Odyssey/Homer: Epic poems attributed to Homer, representing two of the most significant works in ancient Greek literature. The Iliad chronicles the Trojan War, while the Odyssey follows the adventures of Odysseus on his journey home.
25. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian styles: Architectural styles of ancient Greece. Doric is characterized by simple, sturdy columns; Ionic features more decorative columns with volutes (scroll-shaped ornaments); and Corinthian is the most elaborate with acanthus leaf motifs atop columns.
These definitions should provide you with a good starting point for understanding these terms. If you have further questions or need more information about any specific topic, feel free to ask!