Write the orbital diagrams for the following atoms/ions. Label the orbitals. You can use gas notation for Sr2+, Zn and Se2-.
Sr2+
Se2-
You can construct these by referring to www.webelements.com
To write the orbital diagrams for atoms or ions, we need to follow a few steps:
Step 1: Determine the atomic number of the element.
In this case, we have Sr2+ with a charge of +2. The atomic number of Sr (strontium) is 38. However, since Sr2+ has lost 2 electrons, we subtract 2 from 38, giving us an effective atomic number of 36.
Step 2: Determine the electron configuration.
To determine the electron configuration, we need to fill orbitals in order of increasing energy levels, following the Aufbau principle (filling orbitals in order of increasing energy), the Pauli exclusion principle (each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins), and Hund's rule (electrons will fill empty orbitals before pairing up in the same orbital).
The electron configuration for Sr2+ is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶
Step 3: Write the orbital diagram.
The orbital diagram represents each orbital using boxes or lines, with arrows indicating the electrons in each orbital. The orbitals are usually labeled with a combination of the principal quantum number (n) and the letter corresponding to the subshell (s, p, d, or f).
The orbital diagram for Sr2+ is as follows:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
Now, let's move on to the next ion:
Se2-
Step 1: Determine the atomic number of the element.
In this case, we have Se2- with a charge of -2. The atomic number of Se (selenium) is 34. However, since Se2- has gained 2 electrons, we add 2 to 34, giving us an effective atomic number of 36.
Step 2: Determine the electron configuration.
To determine the electron configuration, we follow the same steps as before.
The electron configuration for Se2- is:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶
Step 3: Write the orbital diagram.
Using the same rules as before, we write the orbital diagram for Se2-:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
Remember, the arrows indicate the electrons present in each orbital. The superscripts represent electron spin (+1/2 or -1/2).