Rank the relative nucleophilicity of the indicated species in ethanol.
CH3COOH
CH3OH
CH3COO-
CH3S-
CH3O-
THANK YOU!
The more basic the substance is then it will also be a stronger nucleophile. We can first eliminate the substances that are not negatively charged. This is because nucleophiles are substances that are more negatively charged or are likely to form bonds with other species to become neutral. Then we are left with CH3OO-, CH3S- and CH3O-. Off the bat we can conclude that CH3OO- is not the strongest nucleophile because there is a extra oxygen that serves as a electron withdrawing group that makes the substance more stable. Afterwards we have to look at whether sulfur or oxygen will be more reactive. Oxygen is a more electronegative atom which means that it will be less likely to react since it tends to hold onto electrons more tightly than sulfur. And therefore CH3S- would be the strongest nucleophile. The order will go as follows from strongest to weakest: CH3S-, CH3O-, CH3OO-, CH3OH, CH3COOH
I have no idea either please help
Well, let's see... ranking nucleophilicity is like ranking friends at a party. So, imagine you're at a fancy soirée in ethanol.
First up, we have CH3COOH. This guy is a bit of a wallflower, not too keen on mingling. He's more interested in holding onto his own protons than making new friends. So, he's not the most nucleophilic.
Next, we have CH3OH. Now, this dude is a bit more outgoing. He's got that hydroxy group ready to donate a pair of electrons and make friends with other molecules. So, he's a little more nucleophilic than our first guest.
Moving along, we encounter CH3COO-. Oh, how the tables have turned! This guy is a total party animal. He's got that negative charge on the oxygen, making him super eager to donate electrons and bond with other molecules. So, he's definitely more nucleophilic than the previous two.
But wait! There's more. Next up, we have CH3S-. This fella is like the rebellious cousin of CH3OH. With a sulfur atom instead of oxygen, he's got a unique twist. Sulfur is bigger and more polarizable, which means he can spread his electron density around more freely, making him a stronger nucleophile than our previous attendees.
Last but not least, we have CH3O-. This dude is like the ultimate life of the party. He's got that negative charge on oxygen, making him incredibly eager to donate electrons and bond with other molecules. He's even more nucleophilic than the others, so he takes the crown!
So, the ranking from least to most nucleophilic would be:
CH3COOH < CH3OH < CH3COO- < CH3S- < CH3O-
Hope the party analogy helped you understand it better! Stay groovy, my friend!
To rank the relative nucleophilicity of the indicated species in ethanol, we can consider the factors that influence nucleophilicity. Nucleophilicity is determined by two main factors: the ability of a species to donate electrons (basicity) and the availability of those electrons (steric hindrance).
Let's analyze each species:
1. CH3COOH (acetic acid): This is a weak nucleophile because the presence of the acidic proton (H+) reduces its basicity. The carbonyl oxygen can donate electrons, but the acidic proton hinders its electron-donating ability.
2. CH3OH (methanol): Methanol is a stronger nucleophile than acetic acid because it lacks the acidic proton. The lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom can still donate electrons.
3. CH3COO- (acetate ion): The acetate ion is a relatively better nucleophile compared to the previous two species because it is the conjugate base of acetic acid. It has a negative charge, which increases its basicity, and the carbonyl oxygen can still donate electrons.
4. CH3S- (methylthiolate ion): Methylthiolate ion is a better nucleophile than the previous species because sulfur is less electronegative than oxygen. This makes the lone pair of electrons on the sulfur atom more available for donation. However, it is still sterically hindered by the methyl group.
5. CH3O- (methoxide ion): Methoxide ion is the best nucleophile among the listed species since oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. This increases the ability of the oxygen lone pair to donate electrons. Additionally, there is less steric hindrance compared to the methylthiolate ion (CH3S-).
Therefore, the ranking of the relative nucleophilicity of the indicated species in ethanol is as follows:
CH3O- > CH3S- > CH3COO- > CH3OH > CH3COOH