The units of parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) are commonly used by environmental chemists. In general, 1 ppm means 1 part of solute for every 106 (one million) parts of solution.

Question

The units of parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) are commonly used by environmental chemists. In general, 1 ppm means 1 part of solute for every 106 (one million) parts of solution.

Mathematically by mass: ppm = µg solute / g solution = mg solute / kg solution

In the case of very dilute aqueous solutions, a concentration of 1.0 ppm is equal to 1.0 µg of solute per 1.0 mL, which equals 1.0 g solution. Parts per billion is defined in a similar fashion. Calculate the molarity (M) of each of the following aqueous solutions.

6.7 ppb Hg in H2O

Answer 1

1.0 ppb = 1.0 micrograms/L

6.7 ppb = 6.7 micrograms/L
6.7 micrograms Hg/atomic mass Hg = mols Hg and mols Hg/L = Molarity.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

To calculate the molarity (M) of a solution, we need to know the moles of solute and the volume of the solution. Given that the concentration is in parts per billion (ppb), we first need to convert it to moles per liter (mol/L).

The conversion from ppb to mol/L is as follows:

1 ppb = 1 part of solute for every 10^9 (one billion) parts of solution

Now, let's calculate the molarity (M) of the solution.

Step 1: Convert ppb to g/L

Given that 1 ppb is equivalent to 1 µg/L, and 1 µg = 1 × 10^-6 g, we can convert ppb to g/L:

6.7 ppb Hg = 6.7 µg/L * (1 × 10^-6 g / 1 µg) = 6.7 × 10^-6 g/L

Step 2: Convert g/L to mol/L

To convert grams to moles, we need to know the molar mass of mercury (Hg). The molar mass of Hg is approximately 200.59 g/mol.

6.7 × 10^-6 g/L * (1 mol / 200.59 g) ≈ 3.34 × 10^-8 mol/L

Therefore, the molarity (M) of a 6.7 ppb Hg solution in H2O is approximately 3.34 × 10^-8 mol/L.

Answer 4

To calculate the molarity (M) of the aqueous solution, we need to know the molar mass of the solute being dissolved, in this case, Hg (mercury). The molar mass of Hg is approximately 200.59 g/mol.

Given: 6.7 ppb Hg in H2O

To convert parts per billion (ppb) to molarity (M), we can use the following equation:

Molarity (M) = (ppb * 10^-9) * (1 g/L / molar mass)

Here, ppb is given as 6.7.

Let's substitute these values into the equation and solve:

Molarity (M) = (6.7 * 10^-9) * (1 g/L / 200.59 g/mol)

Calculating this, we get:

Molarity (M) ≈ 3.34 * 10^-14 M

Therefore, the molarity of the aqueous solution containing 6.7 ppb Hg in H2O is approximately 3.34 * 10^-14 M.