Give the formula of the conjugate base of each of the following acids:
a.) citric acid
b.)oxalic acid
c.)dihydrogen phosphate ion
d.)phenol
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To find the formula of the conjugate base of each acid, you need to remove a hydrogen ion (H+) from the acid. Let's go through each acid and identify their conjugate bases:
a.) Citric acid (C6H8O7)
The formula for the conjugate base of citric acid can be determined by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from citric acid. Citric acid has three carboxylic acid groups, each of which can lose a hydrogen ion. So, each carboxylic acid group can be deprotonated to form the conjugate base. The conjugate base of citric acid is called citrate ion (C6H5O7-).
b.) Oxalic acid (H2C2O4)
The formula for the conjugate base of oxalic acid can be obtained by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from oxalic acid. Oxalic acid has two acidic hydrogens, so removing one hydrogen results in the formation of the conjugate base. The conjugate base of oxalic acid is called oxalate ion (C2O4^2-).
c.) Dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2PO4-)
In this case, the acid is already in the form of an ion with a negative charge. To find its conjugate base, you need to remove one hydrogen ion (H+). Removing one hydrogen from dihydrogen phosphate ion results in the formation of the conjugate base, which is known as hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO4^2-).
d.) Phenol (C6H5OH)
To determine the conjugate base of phenol, you need to remove a hydrogen ion (H+) from the phenol molecule. By removing the hydrogen, the resulting ion will be the conjugate base. The conjugate base of phenol is called phenoxide ion (C6H5O-).
Remember, when removing a hydrogen ion to obtain the conjugate base, it is crucial to consider the charge and valency of the remaining molecule or ion.