Give the formula of the conjugate base of each of the following acids:
a.) citric acid
b.)oxalic acid
c.)dihydrogen phosphate ion
d.)phenol
citrate ion
oxalate ion
monohydrogen phosphate ion
phenolate ion.
To find the formula for the ion, look up the acid and take a H off and add negative charge.
To determine the conjugate base of an acid, you need to remove a proton (H+) from the acid molecule. Let's go through each acid and find their corresponding conjugate bases:
a.) Citric acid (C6H8O7): To find the conjugate base, remove a proton (H+) from one of the acidic hydrogen atoms. Citric acid has three acidic hydrogen atoms, so the conjugate base can be formed by removing one of them. Thus, the formula for the conjugate base of citric acid is C6H7O7-.
b.) Oxalic acid (C2H2O4): Similarly, remove a proton (H+) from one of the acidic hydrogen atoms. In oxalic acid, there are two acidic hydrogen atoms, so the conjugate base can be formed by removing one. Hence, the formula for the conjugate base of oxalic acid is C2HO4-.
c.) Dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2PO4-): In this case, the dihydrogen phosphate ion is already an ion and act as an acid. To find its conjugate base, remove one proton (H+) from the ion. Thus, the formula for the conjugate base of dihydrogen phosphate ion is HPO42-.
d.) Phenol (C6H6O): Phenol has the ability to donate a hydrogen ion (H+), but it is not classified as an acid due to the lack of a carboxylic acid group. However, for the sake of demonstration, let's consider it as an acid. Remove a proton (H+) from the hydroxyl group (-OH) to form the conjugate base. Therefore, the formula for the conjugate base of phenol is C6H5O-.