what is the walker circulation of normal & El Nino? help me please
help me
Refer to your later post, which I saw first, please.
Sra
Sure! The Walker circulation is a large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern that plays a crucial role in shaping weather patterns in the tropics. It is named after Sir Gilbert Walker, a British scientist who studied climate patterns in the early 20th century.
The Walker circulation consists of two main components: the trade winds and the upwelling of cold water.
In normal conditions, the Walker circulation creates a continuous loop of air flow. Warm air rises near the western Pacific Ocean around Indonesia, forming an area of low pressure. As the air rises, it moves eastward in the upper atmosphere and then sinks back down to the surface near the eastern Pacific Ocean, creating an area of high pressure. This sinking air creates the trade winds, which blow from east to west along the equator.
These trade winds, together with the eastward movement of warm surface waters, result in the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich waters along the western coast of South America. This upwelling supports a highly productive marine ecosystem, as the nutrient-rich waters fuel the growth of phytoplankton, which in turn supports fish populations.
During an El Niño event, the Walker circulation weakens or even reverses. This disruption in the normal pattern occurs due to a change in the ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tropical Pacific. El Niño is characterized by the warming of ocean surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific, which weakens or temporarily reverses the trade winds and suppresses the upwelling of cold waters.
As a result of the weakened Walker circulation during El Niño, the warm surface waters and associated rainfall that are normally concentrated in the western Pacific shift eastward toward the central and eastern Pacific. This alteration in rainfall patterns can have significant impacts on global weather patterns, leading to droughts in some regions and increased rainfall in others.
To better understand the Walker circulation of normal and El Niño conditions, you can refer to climate models and atmospheric studies. Research papers, scientific articles, and books on climate variability and ocean-atmosphere interactions can provide more detailed explanations and insights into the topic. Additionally, visual aids such as diagrams, maps, and animations can be helpful in visualizing the circulation patterns.