43. List and describe three factors that influence solubility:
(Source-wikipedia)
The solubility of a given solute in a given solvent typically depends on temperature. For many solids dissolved in liquid water, the solubility increases with temperature up to 100 °C.
In liquid water at high temperatures, the solubility of ionic solutes tends to decrease due to the change of properties and structure of liquid water. Gaseous solutes exhibit more complex behavior with temperature. As the temperature is raised, gases usually become less soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents.
For condensed phases (solids and liquids), the pressure dependence of solubility is typically weak and usually neglected in practice. The pressure dependence of solubility does occasionally have practical significance.
A popular aphorism used for predicting solubility is "Like dissolves like".This indicates that a solute will dissolve best in a solvent that has a similar polarity to itself. This is a rather simplistic view, since it ignores many solvent-solute interactions, but it is a useful rule-of-thumb.
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Yes, this answer correctly lists and describes three factors that influence solubility:
1. Temperature: In general, the solubility of a solute in a solvent increases with temperature. However, this trend may differ for different types of solutes. For example, the solubility of many solids dissolved in liquid water increases with temperature up to 100 °C. On the other hand, the solubility of ionic solutes in liquid water tends to decrease at high temperatures due to changes in the properties and structure of water. Gaseous solutes also exhibit complex behavior with temperature, usually becoming less soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents as the temperature rises.
2. Pressure: The pressure dependence of solubility is typically weak and often negligible for solids and liquids. However, in some cases, such as when dealing with gases, pressure can have a significant impact on solubility. As the pressure of a gas increases, its solubility in a solvent can also increase.
3. Like dissolves like: This is a general guideline stating that a solute dissolves best in a solvent that has a similar polarity to itself. While it is a simplistic view that overlooks many solvent-solute interactions, it is a useful rule-of-thumb. For example, polar solutes tend to dissolve well in polar solvents, while nonpolar solutes tend to dissolve well in nonpolar solvents. However, there are exceptions to this rule, and other factors like molecular size and shape can also influence solubility.
Overall, these factors play a crucial role in determining the solubility of a substance and can be used to predict or understand solubility behavior in various situations.