name if the following involve, seperation in powers, checks and balances, judicial review, federalism, or some combination of these principles, and say why

A) the state law requires that a prayer be said each day in public schools. The courts rule that law wiolates a first amendment clause that prohibits the government from establishing a religion.

B) an official in the US department of housing and urban development is accused of recieving kickbacks of money for making government contacts with certain private corporations. she is required to testify about this before a congrsssional committee and it prosecuted in court.

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You only have four choices. Eliminate the ones that are obviously wrong. Then study your remaining choices for the best answer.

A) In case A, the principle involved is the separation of powers. The courts rule that the state law requiring a prayer in public schools violates the First Amendment clause, which prohibits the government from establishing religion. The separation of powers refers to the division of power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. In this case, the judicial branch, represented by the courts, evaluates the constitutionality of the state law. They exercise the power of judicial review, ensuring that laws comply with the Constitution.

B) In case B, a combination of principles is involved, including separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism. The official accused of receiving kickbacks is required to testify before a congressional committee, which represents the legislative branch. This demonstrates the principle of checks and balances, as one branch oversees the actions of another. Furthermore, if the official is prosecuted in court, this involves the principle of judicial review. The court assesses the evidence and determines whether the official is guilty or not. Lastly, federalism is involved because this case includes a federal (national) official who allegedly committed a crime. The federal government's involvement in criminal prosecution demonstrates the division of power between the federal and state governments as outlined in federalism.