what is the reaction equation when maleic anhydride is combines with granular zinc and HCl
propose structures for the products you would obtain by treating fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and butynedioic acid with zinc and HCl. write balanced equations for the reactions.
To determine the reaction equation when maleic anhydride combines with granular zinc and HCl, we will first need to understand the reaction between granular zinc and HCl.
The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid is a redox reaction where zinc reacts with H+ ions from hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). The balanced equation is:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Now, let's discuss the reactions with fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and butynedioic acid.
1. Fumaric Acid:
Fumaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid, similar to maleic anhydride. When treated with zinc and HCl, it undergoes a reduction reaction to form succinic acid. The reaction equation can be written as follows:
C4H4O4 + 2Zn(s) + 4HCl(aq) → C4H6O4 + 2ZnCl2(aq) + 2H2(g)
2. Cinnamic Acid:
Cinnamic acid contains a carbon-carbon double bond and an aromatic ring. When treated with zinc and HCl, it undergoes a hydrogenation reaction to form phenylpropionic acid. The reaction equation can be written as follows:
C9H8O2 + 2Zn(s) + 4HCl(aq) → C9H10O2 + 2ZnCl2(aq) + 2H2(g)
3. Butynedioic Acid:
Butynedioic acid (also known as maleic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid, similar to maleic anhydride. When treated with zinc and HCl, it also undergoes a reduction reaction, similar to fumaric acid, to form succinic acid. The reaction equation can be written as follows:
C4H2O4 + 2Zn(s) + 4HCl(aq) → C4H6O4 + 2ZnCl2(aq) + 2H2(g)
Remember, the proposed structures for the products are succinic acid for fumaric acid and butynedioic acid, and phenylpropionic acid for cinnamic acid.