Compare the classification of minerals with the classification of rocks.
http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/modules/documents/MineralIdentification.pdf
http://dph1701.tripod.com/geology/
To compare the classification of minerals with the classification of rocks, let's start by understanding what each one is.
Minerals: Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solid substances with a specific chemical composition and a crystalline structure. They form through various geological processes and can be found in rocks, soil, and even in living organisms.
Rocks: Rocks, on the other hand, are composed of one or more minerals. They are solid aggregates of minerals that form through geological processes such as the cooling and solidification of molten rock (igneous rocks), the compression and rearrangement of existing rocks (metamorphic rocks), or the deposition and cementation of sediment (sedimentary rocks).
Now, let's discuss the classification systems for each:
Classification of Minerals:
Minerals are classified based on their chemical composition and physical properties. One widely used classification system is the Dana classification system, which categorizes minerals into eight classes based on their chemical composition and structure. These classes include native elements (such as gold and silver), sulfides (such as pyrite), halides (such as halite), oxides (such as hematite), carbonates (such as calcite), sulfates (such as gypsum), phosphates (such as apatite), and silicates (such as quartz and feldspar). Within each class, minerals are further classified based on specific criteria, including their crystal symmetry, cleavage, hardness, and other physical properties.
Classification of Rocks:
Rocks, on the other hand, are classified based on their origin, texture, and mineral composition. There are three main rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
1. Igneous Rocks: These rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava). Igneous rocks can be further classified into two categories based on their texture and composition: intrusive (formed beneath the Earth's surface) and extrusive (formed on the Earth's surface). Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and obsidian.
2. Sedimentary Rocks: These rocks form from the deposition and subsequent compaction and cementation of sediments. Sedimentary rocks are classified based on the type of sediments and the processes involved in their formation. Common examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
3. Metamorphic Rocks: These rocks form from the transformation of existing rocks due to high-temperature and pressure conditions within the Earth's crust. Metamorphic rocks are classified based on the type of parent rock and the degree of metamorphism. Examples include marble, slate, and gneiss.
In summary, the classification of minerals is mainly based on their chemical composition and physical properties, while the classification of rocks is based on their origin, texture, and mineral composition. Understanding the classification systems for minerals and rocks can help in identifying and categorizing different types of geological materials.