why do you think the Union army did not accept African American volunteers first?

They weren't accepted at first because the military didn't know whether they'd fight or run away.

What do you think Union leaders hoped to accomplish by ending prisoners exchanges?

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACWexchange.htm

The Union army initially did not accept African American volunteers for several reasons, rooted in both societal and military factors. To understand the reasons behind this decision, it's important to explore the historical context of the time.

1. Prevalence of Racial Prejudice: The mid-19th century was marked by deeply ingrained racial prejudice and discrimination, with many Americans holding biased views towards African Americans. Such prejudice influenced decision-making at all levels, including military policies.

2. Concerns about White Soldiers' Reactions: Officials in the Union army were worried about the reactions of white soldiers to the presence of African American troops. They feared that the integration of African Americans could lead to animosity, lowered morale, and potential insubordination within the ranks. This concern played a significant role in delaying their acceptance.

3. Limited Public Support: The Union's war effort against the Confederate States was already met with resistance and a lack of public support in some regions, particularly along the border states where pro-slavery sentiments existed. Introducing African American troops was seen as a politically and socially contentious decision that could further alienate some areas.

4. Racial Stereotypes and Limited Faith: Additionally, racial stereotypes, such as the belief that African Americans were physically inferior or lacked the mental capabilities required for effective combat, influenced the reluctance to accept them as soldiers. The prejudice and discrimination against African Americans made it difficult for them to secure support for their inclusion in the army.

It's important to recognize that despite these initial obstacles, African Americans eventually played a crucial role in the Union army. The growing need for manpower, strategic advantages, and ongoing pressure from abolitionists and African American activists gradually led to the acceptance and formation of African American regiments. Notable units like the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment played a pivotal role in demonstrating the ability, bravery, and dedication of African American soldiers, eventually changing perceptions within the Union ranks.