What volume of each of the following bases will react completely with 24.00 mL of 0.350 M HCl?
0.100 M NaOH
0.0500 M Ba(OH)2
0.250 M KOH
50 ml
To find the volume of each base that will react completely with the given volume and concentration of HCl, we can use the concept of stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation.
First, let's write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and each base:
1. NaOH: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
2. Ba(OH)2: 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2H2O
3. KOH: HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
Now, let's calculate the volume of each base required to react completely with 24.00 mL of 0.350 M HCl:
1. NaOH:
From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between HCl and NaOH is 1:1. This means that 1 mole of NaOH will react with 1 mole of HCl.
To calculate the volume of 0.100 M NaOH that reacts completely, we can use the formula:
Volume (NaOH) = (Volume (HCl) × Molarity (HCl)) / Molarity (NaOH)
Volume (NaOH) = (24.0 mL × 0.350 M) / 0.100 M = 84.0 mL
Therefore, 84.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH will react completely with 24.00 mL of 0.350 M HCl.
2. Ba(OH)2:
From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between HCl and Ba(OH)2 is 2:1. This means that 2 moles of HCl will react with 1 mole of Ba(OH)2.
To calculate the volume of 0.0500 M Ba(OH)2 that reacts completely, we need to first determine the number of moles of HCl present in the given volume:
Moles (HCl) = Volume (HCl) × Molarity (HCl)
Moles (HCl) = 24.0 mL × 0.350 M = 8.40 mmol
Since the stoichiometric ratio is 2:1, the number of moles of Ba(OH)2 needed can be calculated as half the moles of HCl:
Moles (Ba(OH)2) = Moles (HCl) / 2
Moles (Ba(OH)2) = 8.40 mmol / 2 = 4.20 mmol
Now, let's calculate the volume of 0.0500 M Ba(OH)2 that contains 4.20 mmol:
Volume (Ba(OH)2) = Moles (Ba(OH)2) / Molarity (Ba(OH)2)
Volume (Ba(OH)2) = 4.20 mmol / 0.0500 M = 84.0 mL
Therefore, 84.0 mL of 0.0500 M Ba(OH)2 will react completely with 24.00 mL of 0.350 M HCl.
3. KOH:
From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between HCl and KOH is 1:1. This means that 1 mole of KOH will react with 1 mole of HCl.
To calculate the volume of 0.250 M KOH that reacts completely, we can use the same formula as before:
Volume (KOH) = (Volume (HCl) × Molarity (HCl)) / Molarity (KOH)
Volume (KOH) = (24.0 mL × 0.350 M) / 0.250 M = 33.6 mL
Therefore, 33.6 mL of 0.250 M KOH will react completely with 24.00 mL of 0.350 M HCl.