how do you determine if the atom is a neutral atom or an ion and if the atom is an isotope or not?

It is neutral if the number of protons in the nucleus = the number of electrons in the outside shells. More or fewer electrons means it is an ion. An isotope is differentiated by the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Isotopes have different number of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons.

ion is the number of electron change and isotope is the number of neutron change

To determine if an atom is neutral or an ion, you need to compare the number of protons in the nucleus to the number of electrons in the atom's electron shells. If the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, then the atom is neutral. This means that the positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the electrons.

On the other hand, if an atom has gained or lost electrons, the balance of charges is disrupted, and it becomes an ion. If the atom gains electrons, it will have a negative charge and will be called an anion. If the atom loses electrons, it will have a positive charge and will be called a cation.

Determining if an atom is an isotope involves looking at the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. These varying numbers of neutrons can lead to differences in atomic mass but do not affect the atom's charge.

To identify isotopes, you need to know the specific element you are looking at and compare the number of protons and electrons (which determine the element) to the number of neutrons. Isotopes are written in a standard notation with the element's symbol, followed by a hyphen, and then the mass number which represents the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are two isotopes of the element carbon with 6 protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

In summary, determining if an atom is neutral or an ion involves comparing the number of protons to the number of electrons. If they are the same, it is neutral; if different, it is an ion. To identify isotopes, you need to examine the number of neutrons in the nucleus and compare them for different atoms of the same element.