The "Chemistry in Focus" segment A Magnetic Moment discusses the ability to levitate a frog in a magnetic field because electrons, when sensing a strong magnetic field, respond by opposing it. This is called diamagnetism. Atoms that are diamagnetic have all paired electrons. Which columns among the representative elements in the periodic table consist of diamagnetic atoms? Consider orbital diagrams when answering this question. (Select all that apply.)

Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8

Which groups have unpaired, i.e. odd numbers of electrons?

row 6

To determine which columns among the representative elements in the periodic table consist of diamagnetic atoms, we need to analyze the electronic configurations in each group. Diamagnetic atoms have all their electrons paired, which means that all the orbitals are filled with paired electrons.

Group 1 elements belong to the alkali metals, and their electronic configurations follow the pattern [n]s^1. Since there is an unpaired electron in the outermost s orbital, the atoms in Group 1 are not diamagnetic.

Group 2 elements belong to the alkaline earth metals, and their electronic configurations follow the pattern [n]s^2. Similar to Group 1, there is an unpaired electron in the outermost s orbital, making them not diamagnetic.

Group 3 elements belong to the transition metals, and their electronic configurations can vary. Some transition metals can have paired or unpaired electrons, so we cannot determine if they are diamagnetic solely based on their group.

Group 4 elements belong to the p-block elements and have a general electronic configuration of [n]s^2np^2. In this group, all the orbitals (s and p) have paired electrons, making them diamagnetic.

Group 5 elements also belong to the p-block elements and have a general electronic configuration of [n]s^2np^3. In this group, there is one unpaired electron in the p orbital, so the atoms in Group 5 are not diamagnetic.

Group 6 elements belong to the p-block elements and have a general electronic configuration of [n]s^2np^4. In this group, all the orbitals (s and p) have paired electrons, making them diamagnetic.

Group 7 elements belong to the p-block elements and have a general electronic configuration of [n]s^2np^5. In this group, there is one unpaired electron in the p orbital, so the atoms in Group 7 are not diamagnetic.

Group 8 elements belong to the p-block elements and have a general electronic configuration of [n]s^2np^6. In this group, all the orbitals (s and p) have paired electrons, making them diamagnetic.

Therefore, the columns consisting of diamagnetic atoms in the representative elements are Group 4 and Group 8.

groups 24-19 ARE THE CORRECT ANSWERS!

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1,3,4,6