How can naphthalene be separayed from a mixture of KBr and Sand?
How can you separate NiCO3 from NaCO3 in detail?
How can you separate AgCl from NaCl in detail?
KBr dissolves in water but not sand or napththalene. Toluene or benzene or hexane will dissolve napthalene but not sand of KBr. Sand will remain.
To separate naphthalene from a mixture of KBr and sand, you can follow the sublimation method. Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly to a gas without going through the liquid state. Here's how you can do it:
1. Start by crushing the mixture of naphthalene, KBr, and sand into a fine powder, ensuring thorough mixing.
2. Transfer the powdered mixture into a clean and dry beaker.
3. Place the beaker on a tripod stand with a wire gauze and heat it gently using a Bunsen burner. The heat source should be set to a level that will cause sublimation of naphthalene without melting the KBr or sand.
4. As the mixture is heated, the naphthalene will sublimate, turning into a gas and leaving behind the KBr and sand.
5. Use a cold surface, such as a watch glass, to collect the sublimed naphthalene. When the gas contacts the cold surface, it will condense back to a solid.
6. Once the sublimation is complete, you can separate the remaining KBr and sand by using methods such as filtration or sieving.
To separate NiCO3 from NaCO3, you can utilize the difference in solubility between the two compounds. Here's a detailed procedure:
1. Dissolve the mixture of NiCO3 and NaCO3 in water, considering that both compounds are soluble in water but have different solubilities.
2. Filter the solution to remove any insoluble impurities or solid particles.
3. Add a suitable reagent (such as hydrochloric acid, HCl) to the filtered solution. The reagent should selectively react with one of the compounds, forming a precipitate, while leaving the other compound in solution.
4. In this case, HCl can react with NiCO3, forming a green precipitate of nickel chloride (NiCl2), while sodium carbonate (NaCO3) remains in the solution.
5. Allow the precipitate to settle or carry out centrifugation to separate it from the solution.
6. Carefully decant or filter the solution to obtain a clear filtrate containing NaCO3 in water.
7. To recover NiCl2, wash the precipitate with distilled water to remove any remaining impurities. Then, dry the precipitate by either air drying or using an oven.
To separate AgCl from NaCl, you can rely on the difference in solubility between the two compounds. Here's a step-by-step process:
1. Dissolve the mixture of AgCl and NaCl in water. Both compounds are soluble in water, but there is a significant difference in their solubilities.
2. Filter the solution to remove any insoluble impurities or solid particles.
3. Add a suitable reagent, such as concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), to the filtered solution. The reagent should react with one of the compounds, forming a soluble complex or product, while leaving the other compound unaffected.
4. In this case, AgCl reacts with HNO3 to form a soluble complex, silver nitrate (AgNO3), which remains in the solution. NaCl remains unaffected.
5. Allow the precipitate (remaining NaCl) to settle or carry out centrifugation to separate it from the solution.
6. Carefully decant or filter the solution to obtain a clear filtrate containing AgNO3 in water.
7. To recover AgNO3, you can neutralize the solution with a suitable base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to form AgCl precipitate. The formed AgCl can then be separated via filtration or centrifugation.
Note: It is essential to handle chemicals with caution and adhere to safety guidelines when carrying out chemical procedures.