describe the spread of sedentary agriculture outside the older civilized areas
What on earth is sedentary agriculture?
I don't know, mabye it's a typo. Just ignore that word.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture
The spread of sedentary agriculture outside the older civilized areas can be described as a gradual and complex process driven by various factors. Understanding this spread involves considering the development of agriculture in different regions and the interaction between societies.
To explain how to understand this spread, we can follow these steps:
1. Identify the older civilized areas: The first step is to determine the initial regions where sedentary agriculture was established and civilizations emerged. These regions include the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Middle East), the Nile Valley in Egypt, the Indus Valley in South Asia, and the Yellow River Valley in China.
2. Explore the reasons for agricultural diffusion: Sedentary agriculture spread to other regions due to a combination of factors. It's important to examine these factors in order to understand the spread. Key factors include population growth, climate change, technological advancements, trade networks, and the movement of people.
3. Analyze population growth and land availability: As populations grew in older civilized areas, the pressure on resources such as food and land increased. This resulted in a need to expand agricultural practices beyond the initial regions to support growing populations.
4. Consider climate change and environmental factors: Changes in climate, such as the end of the last Ice Age, influenced the migration of both humans and plants. As Ice Age glaciers receded, new fertile regions became accessible for cultivation.
5. Assess technological advancements: Advancements in agricultural technologies, such as the domestication of crops and animals, played a crucial role in the spread. These advancements improved farming techniques, productivity, and food surplus, enabling populations to expand and migrate into new territories.
6. Examine trade networks: Trade routes and networks facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies between different regions. As sedentary agriculture developed, the exchange of agricultural practices and crops occurred, leading to the spread of agriculture to new areas.
7. Investigate the movement of people: Migration and diffusion of agricultural practices were often driven by population movements. These movements could be voluntary, such as explorations and colonization, or involuntary, such as wars and displacements. The movement of people played a fundamental role in disseminating agricultural knowledge and practices.
8. Analyze case studies: To understand the spread of sedentary agriculture outside older civilized areas, it is helpful to examine specific case studies. For example, the spread of agriculture from the Middle East to Europe, or from the Indus Valley civilization to other parts of South Asia.
By following these steps and considering the interplay of various factors, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of how sedentary agriculture spread beyond the older civilized areas and shaped human history.