For the Following sets of compounds determine the best solvent, by looking at structure, also by looking at solubility vs. temp.
Which is the best solvent for crystalization, in which the compound is too soluble, and in which solvent the compound is not sufficiently soluble?
1. Comopund Phenanthrene Solvent: toulene, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
2. Compound: Cholesterol Solvent: Ether, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
3. Compound: Acetaminophen Solvent: toulene, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
4. Compound: Urea Solvent: Hexane, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
thank you
To determine the best solvent for crystallization for each of the given compounds, we need to consider the structure of the compound and its solubility versus temperature.
1. Compound: Phenanthrene
Solvent options: Toluene, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
Looking at the structure of Phenanthrene, it is a nonpolar compound with aromatic rings. Based on its structure, a nonpolar solvent like Toluene would be the best choice for crystallizing Phenanthrene. Water, being a polar solvent, would not be a suitable choice as Phenanthrene is not sufficiently soluble in it. 95% ethyl alcohol is partially polar, but still not as good of a solvent as Toluene for Phenanthrene.
2. Compound: Cholesterol
Solvent options: Ether, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
Cholesterol is a complex compound with both polar and nonpolar regions. It has a steroid structure with a hydroxyl group. Ether, being a nonpolar solvent, would be the best choice for crystallizing Cholesterol since it can dissolve both the nonpolar and polar regions of the compound. Water, being polar, would not be a suitable choice as Cholesterol is not sufficiently soluble in it. 95% ethyl alcohol is partially polar, but may not be as effective as Ether.
3. Compound: Acetaminophen
Solvent options: Toluene, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
Acetaminophen is a polar compound with both hydroxyl and amide groups. Based on its structure, a polar solvent like 95% ethyl alcohol or water would be the best choice for crystallizing Acetaminophen. Toluene, being nonpolar, would not be a suitable choice as Acetaminophen is not sufficiently soluble in it.
4. Compound: Urea
Solvent options: Hexane, 95% ethyl alcohol, water
Urea is a polar compound with amide functional groups. Based on its structure, a polar solvent like 95% ethyl alcohol or water would be the best choice for crystallizing Urea. Hexane, being nonpolar, would not be a suitable choice as Urea is not sufficiently soluble in it.
In summary:
1. Phenanthrene: Best solvent - Toluene, too soluble in water.
2. Cholesterol: Best solvent - Ether, not sufficiently soluble in water.
3. Acetaminophen: Best solvent - 95% ethyl alcohol or water, not sufficiently soluble in toluene.
4. Urea: Best solvent - 95% ethyl alcohol or water, not sufficiently soluble in hexane.
To determine the best solvent for crystallization, you need to consider the compound's structure and solubility behavior at different temperatures.
1. Compound: Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene is a nonpolar compound. Nonpolar solvents such as toluene would be a good choice for crystallization. Toluene is a nonpolar solvent that can dissolve nonpolar compounds well. Water, being a polar solvent, would not be suitable for phenanthrene crystallization. 95% ethyl alcohol is also partially polar, so it may have limited solubility for phenanthrene.
2. Compound: Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a highly nonpolar compound. Ether, being a nonpolar solvent, would be the best choice for its crystallization. Water, being a polar solvent, is not suitable for cholesterol. 95% ethyl alcohol is again partially polar, so it may have limited solubility for cholesterol.
3. Compound: Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is a polar compound with both polar and nonpolar functional groups. In this case, 95% ethyl alcohol would be the best solvent choice. Ethyl alcohol is a good solvent for polar and moderately polar compounds. Water, being polar, can also dissolve acetaminophen to some extent. Toluene, being nonpolar, is not suitable for its crystallization.
4. Compound: Urea
Urea is a highly polar compound. Water, being a polar solvent, is the best choice for its crystallization. Water can dissolve polar and ionic compounds effectively. Hexane, being nonpolar, would not be suitable for urea crystallization. 95% ethyl alcohol, being partially polar, may have some solubility for urea but may not be as effective as water.
It's important to note that solubility can also be temperature-dependent. Some compounds may have higher solubility at higher temperatures and lower solubility when the temperature decreases. To determine the solubility vs. temperature behavior of the compounds, you may need to consult solubility tables or conduct solubility experiments at different temperatures.