Solid magnesium metal reacts with chlorine gas according to the following equation:
Mg + Cl2 --> MgCl2
What mass of magnesium chloride is formed in the reaction between 7 g of Mg and 13.2 g of Cl2
You know this is a limiting reagent problem because it gives BOTH reactants.
Convert 7 g Mg to moles. moles = grams/molar mass.
Convert 13.2 g Cl2 to moles.
Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, convert moles Mg to moles MgCl2.
Same process, convert moles Cl2 to moles MgCl2.
The moles MgCl2 from the two processes will not be the same and one of them must be wrong. The correct value in limiting reagent problems is ALWAYS the smaller one and the material providing that number is the limiting reagent.
Using the smaller value, convert to grams. g = moles x molar mass.
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To find the mass of magnesium chloride formed in the reaction between magnesium and chlorine gas, you need to determine the limiting reactant first. The limiting reactant is the one that will be completely consumed in the reaction and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.
1. Start by finding the molar mass of each element:
- Molar mass of Mg = 24.31 g/mol
- Molar mass of Cl2 = 70.90 g/mol
2. Convert the given masses of magnesium and chlorine gas to moles:
- Moles of Mg = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
- Moles of Mg = 7 g / 24.31 g/mol = 0.288 mol
- Moles of Cl2 = 13.2 g / 70.90 g/mol = 0.186 mol
3. Examine the balanced equation to determine the mole ratio between magnesium and magnesium chloride. From the equation, we see that it's a 1:1 ratio, so for every 1 mole of magnesium, we get 1 mole of magnesium chloride.
4. Compare the number of moles of each reactant to see which one is limiting. The reactant with fewer moles is the limiting reactant.
- In this case, magnesium has 0.288 moles and chlorine gas has 0.186 moles. Since chlorine gas has fewer moles, it is the limiting reactant.
5. Calculate the moles of magnesium chloride formed using the mole ratio from the balanced equation. Since we have 0.186 moles of Cl2, we will produce 0.186 moles of MgCl2.
6. Finally, calculate the mass of magnesium chloride formed using the molar mass of MgCl2:
- Mass of MgCl2 = moles of MgCl2 * molar mass of MgCl2
- Mass of MgCl2 = 0.186 mol * (24.31 + 2 * 35.45) g/mol
- Mass of MgCl2 = 0.186 mol * 95.21 g/mol
- Mass of MgCl2 = 17.70 g
Therefore, the mass of magnesium chloride formed in the reaction between 7 g of Mg and 13.2 g of Cl2 is 17.70 g.