A research article included the following table:
Mean Score on Four Questionnarie Scales Before and After the Experimental Manipulation.
Questionnaire Before After Change
Dominance 18.42 16.31 -2.11
Independence 17.25 21.38 4.13**
Conformity 18.97 17.20 -1.77*
Nurturance 16.11 13.89 -2.22*
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* p<.05 **p<.01
Which of the following is most likely to be true given the information on this table?
The hypothesis testing probably used a t test for dependent means
Based on the information provided in the table, we can make the following observations:
1. Mean scores for all four questionnaire scales decreased after the experimental manipulation in the Dominance, Conformity, and Nurturance scales.
2. The mean score for the Independence scale increased after the experimental manipulation.
Now, we need to determine which statement is most likely to be true based on this information. To do this, we can look at the changes in mean scores and the significance levels indicated by the asterisks (** and *). These asterisks represent statistical significance levels, with ** indicating a higher level of significance.
1. The mean score for the Independence scale increased significantly with an increase of 4.13 (p<.01**).
2. The mean scores for Dominance, Conformity, and Nurturance scales decreased, but only the changes in Conformity and Nurturance scales were statistically significant: -1.77 (p<.05*) and -2.22 (p<.05*), respectively.
Based on these observations, the statement "The mean score for the Independence scale significantly increased after the experimental manipulation" is most likely to be true.