2-Methyl-2-propanol (tert-butanol) reacts to give 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (tertbutyl chloride) and 2-methyl-1-propene. The reaction mechanisms are:

The reaction between 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butanol) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) proceeds through two steps. The first step involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, while the second step involves the attack of chloride ion on the carbocation intermediate. Let's go through each step in detail:

Step 1: Protonation of 2-Methyl-2-propanol
In the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), the hydroxyl group (-OH) of 2-methyl-2-propanol acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base, accepting a proton (H+) from HCl. This protonation leads to the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

2-Methyl-2-propanol + HCl -> 2-Methyl-2-propanol carbocation

Step 2: Attack of Chloride Ion
In the second step, the chloride ion (Cl-) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbocation intermediate formed in step 1. The chloride ion donates its lone pair of electrons to the carbon atom of the carbocation, resulting in the formation of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (tert-butyl chloride). Simultaneously, a water molecule is eliminated, forming 2-methyl-1-propene as a byproduct.

2-Methyl-2-propanol carbocation + Cl- -> 2-chloro-2-methylpropane + 2-methyl-1-propene

Overall Reaction:
The overall reaction can be represented as follows:

2-Methyl-2-propanol + HCl -> 2-chloro-2-methylpropane + 2-methyl-1-propene

Note: The reaction typically requires the presence of an acid catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), to facilitate the protonation step.

To understand the reaction mechanisms for the conversion of 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butanol) to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (tert-butyl chloride) and 2-methyl-1-propene, it's important to first identify the type of reaction involved. In this case, it is an elimination-substitution reaction.

Here is a step-by-step explanation of the reaction mechanisms:

1. Protonation of tert-butanol: In the presence of an acid catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), tert-butanol is protonated to form tert-butyl cation. The acid catalyst donates a proton (H+) to the oxygen atom in tert-butanol. This step is necessary to increase the electrophilicity of the tert-butanol molecule.

2. Nucleophilic attack: The chloride ion (Cl-) serves as a nucleophile and attacks the positively charged carbon in the tert-butyl cation. This leads to the formation of tert-butyl chloride as a result of the substitution reaction. At this point, a 2-chloro-2-methylpropane product is obtained.

3. Deprotonation: In the presence of a strong base, such as hydroxide ion (OH-), the remaining tert-butanol molecule acts as a leaving group. The hydroxide ion abstracts a proton from tert-butanol, forming water (H2O). This deprotonation step leads to the formation of 2-methyl-1-propene as a result of an E1 (unimolecular elimination) reaction.

The reaction can be summarized as follows:

tert-butanol + HCl ⟶ tert-butyl chloride + H2O
tert-butanol + OH- ⟶ 2-methyl-1-propene + H2O

It's important to note that the reaction mechanisms provided are simplified representations. In reality, these reactions may involve more intermediate steps.