silver ions in a solution of silver salts can be recovered by immersing copper metal in the solution. crystals of pure silver are deposited on the silver metal. design an experiment to determine the number of moles of silver atoms that form describe the procedure materials and safety procedure. explain the required calculations
To determine the number of moles of silver atoms that form when copper metal is immersed in a silver salt solution, you can follow the steps below for the experiment:
Materials:
1. Silver salt solution (e.g., silver nitrate solution)
2. Copper metal (e.g., copper wire)
3. Glass container or beaker
4. Distilled water
5. Weighing scale
6. Bunsen burner or hot plate
7. Filter paper
8. Safety goggles
9. Lab coat
10. Gloves
Safety procedure:
1. Wear safety goggles, a lab coat, and gloves throughout the experiment.
2. Work in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a fume hood if available.
3. Avoid direct contact with the silver salt solution and copper metal, as they can be harmful. If you come into contact with them, rinse immediately with plenty of water.
Experimental Procedure:
1. Measure the mass of the copper metal using a weighing scale and record this value.
2. Prepare a silver salt solution by dissolving an appropriate amount of silver salt (e.g., silver nitrate) in distilled water.
3. Pour the silver salt solution into a glass container or beaker, ensuring there is enough solution to fully immerse the copper metal.
4. Carefully place the copper metal in the silver salt solution, making sure it is fully submerged.
5. Allow the copper metal to sit undisturbed in the solution for a specific duration, such as 30 minutes.
6. During this time, observe the changes occurring. You will observe that crystals of pure silver are deposited on the copper metal.
7. After the specified duration, remove the copper metal from the solution using forceps or tongs.
8. Rinse the copper metal with distilled water to remove any traces of the silver salt solution.
9. Dry the copper metal with a paper towel, being careful not to remove the deposited silver crystals.
10. Once dry, measure the final mass of the copper metal with the silver crystals formed and record this value.
Calculations:
1. Determine the molar mass of silver (Ag) from the periodic table. It is approximately 107.87 g/mol.
2. Calculate the moles of copper metal used in the experiment using its initial mass and molar mass.
Moles of copper = Mass of copper (in grams) / Molar mass of copper
3. Since copper reacts with the silver ions (Ag+) in a 1:1 ratio, the moles of silver formed are equal to the moles of copper used.
Moles of silver formed = Moles of copper used
4. Multiply the moles of silver formed by Avogadro's number (approximately 6.022 x 10^23) to obtain the number of silver atoms formed.
By following this experiment and the subsequent calculations, you will be able to determine the number of moles of silver atoms formed when copper metal is immersed in a silver salt solution.
To determine the number of moles of silver atoms that are formed when copper is immersed in a solution of silver salts, you can design an experiment using the following procedure:
Materials:
1. A solution of silver salts (e.g., silver nitrate solution)
2. Copper metal (in the form of a wire or foil)
3. Beaker or glass container
4. Distilled water
5. Balance (to measure mass)
6. Filter paper or funnel (for filtration)
7. Heating source (Bunsen burner or hot plate)
8. Safety goggles and gloves
9. Lab coat or apron
10. Waste container for disposal of chemicals
Safety Procedure:
1. Ensure you are wearing safety goggles, gloves, and a lab coat or apron.
2. Work in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid inhaling any fumes.
3. Follow proper chemical handling procedures and dispose of waste in the designated waste container.
4. Be cautious while handling hot equipment and use appropriate heating sources.
Experimental Procedure:
1. Begin by preparing a silver nitrate solution of known concentration (e.g., 0.1 M). To do this, dissolve an appropriate amount of silver nitrate salt in distilled water in a beaker or glass container.
2. Weigh an appropriate amount of copper metal using a balance. Ensure the copper metal is clean and free from impurities. Record the mass of the copper metal.
3. Immerse the copper metal into the silver nitrate solution, ensuring that it is fully submerged.
4. Allow the reaction to proceed for a sufficient amount of time, such as several hours or overnight, to ensure complete reaction and deposition of pure silver on the copper metal.
5. After the reaction has completed, remove the copper metal from the silver nitrate solution and rinse it with distilled water to remove any traces of the solution.
6. Carefully separate the silver crystals deposited on the copper metal from the copper itself. This can be done by gently scraping off the silver crystals using a spatula or other appropriate tool.
7. Rinse the silver crystals with distilled water to remove any remaining copper particles.
8. Dry the silver crystals by gently patting them with filter paper or leaving them in a warm, well-ventilated area.
Calculations:
To calculate the number of moles of silver atoms formed, you need to know the mass of the silver deposited on the copper metal. This can be determined using the following steps:
1. Measure the mass of the copper metal before immersion in the silver nitrate solution.
2. Measure the mass of the copper metal after separation from the silver crystals.
3. The difference in the mass of the copper metal (before and after) represents the mass of the deposited silver. Convert this mass to grams if necessary.
4. Use the molar mass of silver (107.87 g/mol) to convert the mass of silver to moles. Divide the mass of silver in grams by its molar mass to obtain the number of moles.
By following this procedure and performing the required calculations, you will be able to determine the number of moles of silver atoms formed during the reaction.