which of these elements-Na, Si, Cl, or Cs- has:
a)the highest first ionization energy?
b)the smallest radius?
c)the most metallic character?
I would go with Cl for a and b.
Cs for c.
how do you know?
a. radius generally decreases [within the same period(row)] from left to right because electrons are being added to the same shell but the nuclear charge is increasing. All except Cs are in the same period
b. smaller radius and higher nuclear charge means harder to pull the outside electron away (first ionization potential).
c. The most electropositive element in the table is in the lower left corner; the most electronegative element is at the top right (don't count the noble gases). .
CI,Sc,Al,Na
To determine the answers to these questions, we need to look at the periodic table. Let's go through each question one by one:
a) The first ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom to form a cation. Generally, elements with a larger number of protons in their nucleus will have higher ionization energies.
Looking at the periodic table, we find that Sodium (Na), which is located in Group 1, has the lowest atomic number among the given elements. Therefore, it has the lowest number of protons, which means it will have the lowest first ionization energy among the options.
b) The atomic radius refers to the size of an atom. Generally, as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table, the atomic radius decreases due to the increasing positive charge of the nucleus pulling the electrons closer.
Among the given options, Chlorine (Cl) belongs to Group 17, which is on the right side of the periodic table. Therefore, it has the smallest atomic radius compared to the other elements.
c) The metallic character refers to the tendency of an element to exhibit metallic properties, such as being able to lose electrons easily. As you go from right to left across a period in the periodic table, metallic character generally increases.
Among the given elements, Cesium (Cs) belongs to Group 1, which is on the left side of the periodic table. Therefore, it has the most metallic character among the options.
In summary:
a) Na has the highest first ionization energy.
b) Cl has the smallest radius.
c) Cs has the most metallic character.