prokaryotes are not found in following kingdoms, except:

(a) Monera (b) Protoctista

(c) Animalia (d) All of these

Help please!

thanks !

To determine the correct answer, let's examine the given options:

(a) Monera: Monera is a kingdom that includes prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria. Therefore, this option does contain prokaryotes.

(b) Protoctista: Protoctista is a kingdom that includes various eukaryotic organisms, including protozoa and algae. Prokaryotes are not found in this kingdom, making it a possible answer.

(c) Animalia: Animalia is a kingdom comprising multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that lack cell walls. Prokaryotes are not found in this kingdom.

(d) All of these: This option implies that prokaryotes are not found in any of the kingdoms mentioned. To determine if this is the correct answer, we need to evaluate each option individually.

From the analysis above, we can see that prokaryotes are indeed found in the Monera kingdom, making option (a) incorrect. On the other hand, prokaryotes are not found in the Protoctista kingdom, so option (b) is a potential correct answer.

To find the correct answer between option (b) and option (d), we need to evaluate the remaining option: (c) Animalia. As mentioned earlier, prokaryotes are not found in the Animalia kingdom. Therefore, option (d) stating "All of these" would also be correct.

In conclusion, the correct answer to the given question is:

(d) All of these