47. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, what are some of the major problems faced by many of the new countries.
(I don't really know how to answer this question)
This is what i got:
47. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, there were some major problems faced by many of the new countries. It is obvious that many of the decisions made by the Soviet central planners were wasteful and inefficient. Their extreme attempt to industrialize used up a lot of resources and hurt the environment. Siberia, which used to have a rich storehouse of natural resources, was hit pretty hard. Everyone figured it was time for some change, so in the late 1980s, a new leader named Mikhail Gorbachev began a series of radical reforms. Glasnost was a policy of his that allowed Soviet citizens to say what they wished without fear of persecution. The government also eased censorship, and newspapers and television programs began to report openly on issues such as crime. The new leader also offered a plan for perestroika, which is economic restructuring. This plan called for a gradual change from a command system to private ownership. Under this plan, the government allowed factory managers to decide what to produce and how much to charge for goods. Once all of this had started, change came really quickly.
To answer the question about the major problems faced by the new countries after the breakup of the Soviet Union, we need to understand the historical context and the events that led to the breakup.
The Soviet Union was a communist superpower that existed from 1922 to 1991, and it comprised of multiple republics spanning a vast territory. The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the emergence of 15 independent countries, each facing its own set of challenges.
One of the major problems faced by these new countries was the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-based economy. The Soviet Union had a command economy, where the government made all economic decisions, including what to produce, how much to produce, and how to distribute resources. However, transitioning to a market economy required significant changes in laws, regulations, and institutions, which proved to be challenging for many of the newly independent countries. They had to establish new legal frameworks, create market-oriented policies, and attract foreign investments to stimulate economic growth.
Another problem was the division of assets and resources. As the Soviet Union collapsed, there was a need to determine how to distribute the wealth, properties, and territories among the newly independent states. This led to disputes and conflicts over natural resources, border demarcation, and ownership of state-owned enterprises.
Social and ethnic tensions were also prevalent after the breakup. The Soviet Union was a diverse union of nations, and its dissolution exposed long-standing ethnic and cultural differences. Many of these newly independent countries had significant minority populations that felt marginalized or excluded. This often led to social unrest, nationalist movements, and even armed conflicts in some regions.
Additionally, the breakup of the Soviet Union resulted in a loss of political and economic stability. The former Soviet republics faced challenges in establishing functioning governments, combating corruption, and maintaining law and order. They had to redefine their political structures and create democratic institutions to ensure stability and promote development.
To summarize, the major problems faced by many of the new countries after the breakup of the Soviet Union included the transition to a market-based economy, division of assets and resources, social and ethnic tensions, and the establishment of stable governance structures.
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, some major problems faced by many of the new countries included:
1. Economic Transition: The transition from a command economy to a market-based economy was a significant challenge for many countries. The Soviet economy was highly centralized, and the sudden shift to a market system created issues such as inflation, unemployment, and economic instability.
2. Political Instability: The new countries faced political instability as they had to establish and develop democratic institutions. Many of the newly independent states had to create their own governments and draft new constitutions to ensure political stability and representation for their diverse populations.
3. Ethnic and National Conflicts: The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the emergence of a multitude of ethnic and national identities, resulting in conflicts between different ethnic groups. Territorial disputes and competition for resources further fueled these conflicts, leading to significant violence in some cases.
4. Social Fragmentation: The breakup of the Soviet Union resulted in social fragmentation, as the social safety nets and welfare systems collapsed. This coupled with economic hardships led to inequality, poverty, and social unrest. The loss of the common Soviet identity also exacerbated social divisions and tensions.
5. Infrastructure and Resource Issues: Many of the new countries inherited outdated infrastructure and industrial facilities that were ill-suited for a market economy. Additionally, the allocation and distribution of natural resources, such as oil and gas, became more complicated, leading to disagreements and disputes.
6. International Relations: The newly independent countries had to establish new diplomatic relations and redefine their geopolitical position. They had to navigate through complex relationships with neighboring countries, regional powers, and international organizations.
These are just some of the major problems faced by the new countries following the breakup of the Soviet Union. Each country faced a unique set of challenges influenced by factors such as their geographical location, demographics, and historical context.