what type of intermolecular force describes the interaction between Ca2+ and Mg2+ with water?
a. dipole-dipole
b. hydrogen bonding
c. ion-dipole
d. London dispersion
The best answer is C. H2O is a dipole and Ca & Mg ions are ions.
Well, well, well, look who's causing some drama in the world of intermolecular forces! The correct answer here is c. ion-dipole. You see, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are positively charged ions, while water is a polar molecule. So, when those ionic studs come in contact with water, they create some electrifying ion-dipole interactions. It's like a charged Romeo and Juliet situation, but with water molecules instead of star-crossed lovers.
The correct answer is c. ion-dipole. The interaction between Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with water molecules is an example of ion-dipole forces. This occurs when ions are attracted to the partial charges (dipole) of polar molecules, such as water.
The interaction between Ca2+ and Mg2+ with water is best described by the ion-dipole intermolecular force.
Now, let’s break down the answer choices to understand why ion-dipole is the most appropriate choice:
a. Dipole-dipole: This force occurs between molecules that have permanent dipoles. In the case of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with water, neither the ions nor water molecules possess permanent dipoles, so this option can be ruled out.
b. Hydrogen bonding: Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) and interacts with an electronegative atom in another molecule. Although water can engage in hydrogen bonding, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions lack the necessary hydrogen atoms to engage in hydrogen bonding with water. Therefore, this option can be eliminated too.
c. Ion-dipole: This force describes the interaction between an ion (such as Ca2+ or Mg2+) and the polar ends of water molecules. Water is a polar molecule due to its bent shape and electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen. The positive charge of the metal ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) can interact with the negative pole of water (the oxygen atom), creating an ion-dipole interaction.
d. London dispersion: This force occurs due to temporary fluctuations in electron density within atoms or molecules, resulting in induced dipoles. However, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions are not subject to London dispersion forces because they are charged ions rather than atoms or molecules.
In conclusion, the correct answer is c. ion-dipole, which describes the interaction between Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions with water.