. Theory and origin of the separation of powers

II. The division of powers among the branches of government
A. The executive branch
B. The legislative branch
III. The separation of church and state
IV. The judicial branch
V. Current ideas about the separation of powers
most improve outline

I would add something about states vs Federal.

I don't see anything in your outline mentioning the origin of this idea (Certainly the Magna Carta played an important part), nor the theory.

I. Introduction

A. Brief explanation of the concept of separation of powers
B. Importance of the separation of powers in a democratic society

II. Historical Background and Theory
A. Origins of the concept in political philosophy
1. Influence of Montesquieu's theory
2. Examples of ancient civilizations with some form of separation of powers
B. Theoretical justifications for the separation of powers
1. Protection against tyranny and abuse of power
2. Promotion of checks and balances to ensure accountability

III. Division of Powers Among the Branches of Government
A. Executive Branch
1. Role and responsibilities of the executive branch
2. Examples of separation of powers within the executive branch
B. Legislative Branch
1. Role and responsibilities of the legislative branch
2. Examples of separation of powers within the legislative branch

IV. Separation of Church and State
A. Historical context and development
1. Influence of Enlightenment thinkers
2. Establishment Clause in the U.S. Constitution
B. Rationale behind the separation of church and state
1. Protection of religious freedom
2. Avoidance of religious conflicts and state intrusion

V. Judicial Branch
A. Role and responsibilities of the judiciary
B. Principles of judicial independence and the separation of powers
C. Examples of separation of powers within the judiciary

VI. Current Ideas About the Separation of Powers
A. Modern challenges and debates related to the separation of powers
B. Arguments for and against the need to adapt the concept to contemporary issues
C. Examples of recent developments in the application of the separation of powers

VII. Conclusion
A. Recap of the importance and relevance of the separation of powers
B. Call-to-action for continued vigilance and protection of the separation of powers in democratic societies

To improve this outline, make sure to provide more detailed information and specific examples for each section. Additionally, consider organizing the outline in a logical and coherent manner to ensure a smooth flow of ideas.