Rank Na, Mg and K in order of increasing 2nd ionization energy
a. Na < K < Mg
b. Mg < K < Na
c. K < Na < Mg
d. K < Mg < Na
e. Mg < Na < K
To rank Na, Mg, and K in order of increasing second ionization energy, we need to understand what ionization energy is and how it changes across the periodic table.
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. The second ionization energy refers to the energy required to remove a second electron from a positively charged ion.
In general, ionization energy increases as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table and decreases as you move down a group.
Now, let's analyze the options:
a. Na < K < Mg: This option implies that Na has the lowest second ionization energy, followed by K, and then Mg. This is incorrect because the ionization energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period, so Na should have a higher second ionization energy than K.
b. Mg < K < Na: This option implies that Mg has the lowest second ionization energy, followed by K, and then Na. This is incorrect because the ionization energy increases as you move from left to right across a period, so Na should have a higher second ionization energy than Mg.
c. K < Na < Mg: This option implies that K has the lowest second ionization energy, followed by Na, and then Mg. This is incorrect because the ionization energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period, so Na should have a higher second ionization energy than K.
d. K < Mg < Na: This option implies that K has the lowest second ionization energy, followed by Mg, and then Na. This is correct because the ionization energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period. So K should have the lowest second ionization energy, followed by Mg, and then Na.
e. Mg < Na < K: This option implies that Mg has the lowest second ionization energy, followed by Na, and then K. This is incorrect because the ionization energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period. So Mg should have a higher second ionization energy than Na.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. K < Mg < Na.