i have nooo idea how to name organic compounds or how to draw the condensed formula. the stuff in the book is not really clear. help!!!
I'm afraid we can't help much with such a broad question. You're asking us to write a book.
hmm...let me try to narrow it down. ok so like if i have 3,3,6-trimethylnonane, how do i know where the carbons go and how many hydrogens are attached?
There are ALWAYS four (4) bonds to a carbon so if you can count to 4 you have that part made. A nonane is 9 C atoms long so write them out.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Start at the left and number those carbons as 1, 2, 3, 4, .......to 9.
On carbon 3, you remove two H atoms and add 2 CH3 groups. On carbon 6, remove 1 H and add CH3 group and you have it. The condensed formula would be done this way.
CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3
It's hard for me to count that high so I may have one too many or one too few carbons in the chain. One note here, when you start numbering carbon atoms as above, remember to pick the longest chain containing the most double and triple bonds.
Sure! Naming organic compounds and drawing condensed formulas can be a bit challenging at first, but with some practice and understanding of the basic rules, it becomes easier.
Let's start with naming organic compounds:
1. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. This chain is called the parent chain.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, starting from the end closest to a substituent (branch or functional group).
3. Identify and name the substituents. Substituents are additional groups attached to the parent chain.
4. Assign a prefix to each substituent based on the number of carbons it contains. For example, methyl for one carbon, ethyl for two carbons, propyl for three carbons, etc.
5. Combine the prefixes and the name of the parent chain. Use hyphens to separate numbers and letters, and commas to separate numbers. For example, if you have a three-carbon chain with a methyl group on the second carbon, the name would be 2-methylpropane.
Now let's move on to drawing condensed formulas:
1. Start with the parent chain and draw a line to represent each carbon atom.
2. Add additional lines to represent substituents. If there are multiple substituents, make sure to indicate their position on the parent chain using numbers.
3. Add hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom, remembering that each carbon normally has four bonds.
For example, if you're given the name 2-methylpropane, you would draw three carbon lines in a row and add a methyl group on the second carbon. Finally, add hydrogen atoms to complete the valences.
Remember to practice as much as you can, and refer to your textbook or online resources to familiarize yourself with different functional groups and their naming conventions.