Commercial bleach contains 5.25% (by mass) of NaClO in water. It has a density of 1.08 g/mL. Calculate the molarity of this solution.

To calculate the molarity of a solution, we need to first determine the moles of solute present in a given volume of solution.

In this case, the solute is NaClO, and the given percentage by mass is 5.25%. This means that 5.25 g of NaClO is present in every 100 g of solution.

First, we need to find the mass of NaClO in a known volume of the solution. Since the density of the solution is given as 1.08 g/mL, we can assume that 1 mL of the solution has a mass of 1.08 g.

Using this information, we can calculate the mass of NaClO in 1 mL of solution as follows:

Mass of NaClO in 1 mL = (5.25 g/100 g) x 1.08 g = 0.0567 g

Next, we need to convert the mass of NaClO in 1 mL to moles.

The molar mass of NaClO can be calculated using the atomic masses of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and oxygen (O):

Molar mass of NaClO = atomic mass of Na + atomic mass of Cl + atomic mass of O
= 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol + 16 g/mol
= 74.44 g/mol

Now we can convert the mass of NaClO in 1 mL to moles:

Moles of NaClO in 1 mL = 0.0567 g / 74.44 g/mol = 0.00076 mol

Finally, we need to find the volume of the solution in liters. Since we know that the density of the solution is 1.08 g/mL, we can assume that the mass of 1 L of the solution is 1080 g (1.08 g/mL x 1000 mL/L).

Now we can calculate the molarity of the solution:

Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution (in liters)
= 0.00076 mol / 1 L
= 0.00076 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.00076 M.