consider the two compounds, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3. Giving reasons for your choice, select the compound that
a) will evaporate at a lower temperature
b) has higher solubility in a non-polar solvent
c) can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen
To determine the compounds that meet the given criteria, we need to consider the molecular structure and the functional groups present in each compound.
a) The compound that will evaporate at a lower temperature:
Evaporation occurs when the intermolecular forces are overcome by thermal energy. Compounds with weaker intermolecular forces tend to evaporate at lower temperatures. In this case, both compounds contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) and an alkyl chain. The hydroxyl group allows for hydrogen bonding, which is a stronger intermolecular force compared to just the interaction between alkyl chains. Therefore, the compound with the hydroxyl group, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, will have stronger intermolecular forces and require higher temperatures to evaporate compared to the compound without the hydroxyl group.
b) The compound with higher solubility in a non-polar solvent:
Non-polar solvents do not undergo hydrogen bonding, so they typically dissolve non-polar compounds better. In this case, the compound CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3 has an ether functional group (-O-), which is less polar than the hydroxyl group present in CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH. Since non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds better, CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3 is expected to have higher solubility in a non-polar solvent.
c) The compound that can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen:
An addition reaction with hydrogen typically occurs in the presence of unsaturated functional groups like double or triple bonds. Among the two compounds, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH does not have any unsaturated functional groups, while CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3 has an ether group. Therefore, CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3 can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen.
In summary:
a) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH will evaporate at a higher temperature.
b) CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3 has higher solubility in a non-polar solvent.
c) CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3 can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen.
a.Consider H bonding for vapor pressure.
b. Which molecule is more polar?