I've included answers as well. Thanks in advance.
1. Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called:
a. enzymes
b. antibodies
c. proteins
d. hormones
I chose D as an answer.
2. Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus:
a. enzymes
b. humoral
c. neural
d. hormonal
I chose an A as an answer.
3. Growth hormone:
a.is also called somatostatin
b.is regulated by humoral mechanisms
c.secretion results in a decrease in muscle mass
d.promotes long bone growth during the formative years
I chose a D as an answer
4. ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone):
a.increases urine production
b.promotes dehydration
c.is produced in the adenohypophysis
d.is inhibited by alcohol
I chose a D as an answer.
5.The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on:
a.the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
b.the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ
c.the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
d.nothing- all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific
I chose a C as an answer.
6.Insulin is synthesize by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone is released:
a.in excessive amounts in obese people
b.in response to severe physical stress
c.when the body’s glucose level rises
d.when the body’s glucose level drops
I chose a D as an answer.
7.When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is:
a.estrogen
b.epinephrine
c.angiotensinogen
d.renin
I chose a B as an answer.
Questions 8-12: Match the following:
A) Hypothalmus B) Pituitary gland C) Adrenal gland D) Ovaries
E) Testes
8.Produces the hormones that promote development of female secondary sexual
characteristics at puberty
I chose a D.
9.Storehouse for hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain
I chose B.
10.Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sexual characteristics
I chose E.
11.Produces steroid hormones, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids
I chose C.
12.Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine gland
I chose A.
1. Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called:
- The correct answer is d. hormones. Hormones are chemical substances that are secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids. They act as messengers and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body.
2. Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus:
- The correct answer is a. enzymes. The categories of endocrine gland stimuli are humoral (changes in blood levels of certain ions or nutrients), neural (nerve fibers stimulate hormone release), and hormonal (hormones released by one endocrine gland stimulate the release of hormones by another endocrine gland).
3. Growth hormone:
- The correct answer is d. promotes long bone growth during the formative years. Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, stimulates the growth of bones and other tissues during the formative years of an individual.
4. ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone):
- The correct answer is d. is inhibited by alcohol. ADH, also known as vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body by reducing urine production. Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH, leading to increased urine production.
5. The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on:
- The correct answer is c. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ. For a hormone to exert its effect on a specific tissue or organ, the target cells must possess specific receptors that can recognize and bind to the hormone. Only cells with the appropriate receptors will respond to the hormone.
6. Insulin is synthesized by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone is released:
- The correct answer is c. when the body's glucose level rises. Insulin is released in response to elevated levels of glucose in the blood. Its main function is to regulate blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells.
7. When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is:
- The correct answer is b. epinephrine. During the fight-or-flight response, the adrenal glands release epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) into the bloodstream. This hormone increases heart rate, blood pressure, and prepares the body for immediate action.
8. Produces the hormones that promote development of female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty:
- The correct answer is D) Ovaries. The ovaries are responsible for producing hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which play a crucial role in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
9. Storehouse for hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain:
- The correct answer is B) Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. It is located at the base of the brain.
10. Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sexual characteristics:
- The correct answer is E) Testes. The testes are responsible for producing testosterone, the hormone that directs the development of secondary male sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and increased muscle mass.
11. Produces steroid hormones, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids:
- The correct answer is C) Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands, specifically the cortex, produce steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids (regulate metabolism and immune response) and mineralocorticoids (regulate salt and water balance).
12. Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine gland:
- The correct answer is A) Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that produces and releases various hormones. It is considered a neuroendocrine gland because it produces hormones and also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.