Hello! Can you tell me if there are any passive clause in this chapter? This is not my homework I am helping my friend with this and I am so confused :/

By extension of meaning, bills of rights are sometimes regarded as including the definition and establishment of rights and liberties through tradition or in documents or enactments prior or subsequent to any formal declaration bearing their name. In the United States, where the protections of its Bill of Rights derive significantly from English sources, the general term bill of rights sometimes also includes additional protections that are asserted throughout the federal Constitution (especially in its 14 th Amendment) and enunciated in constitutional decisions of the federal courts.

"bills of rights are sometimes regarded"

This is an example of a passive statement. The subject is NOT doing the action of the verb.

John ate a hamburger. <~~active voice; the subject is doing the action of the verb

The hamburger was eaten by John. <~~passive voice; the subject is NOT doing the action of the verb.

What others can you find in that paragraph?

Sure! I can help with that. Let's first understand what a passive clause is.

A passive clause is a grammatical structure where the subject of the sentence receives the action rather than performing the action. In English, passive clauses are usually formed using the auxiliary verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the main verb.

To determine if there are any passive clauses in the given text, you need to identify sentences in which the subject is being acted upon rather than performing the action.

Let's analyze the text to find any passive clauses:

"By extension of meaning, bills of rights are sometimes regarded as including the definition and establishment of rights and liberties through tradition or in documents or enactments prior or subsequent to any formal declaration bearing their name."

In this sentence, the subject is "bills of rights" and it is being regarded as including the definition and establishment of rights and liberties. This is a passive clause, as the subject is receiving the action of being regarded.

So, the answer is yes, there is one passive clause in the given text.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.